Uromodulin and the study of urinary extracellular vesicles.

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising substrate for discovering new biomarkers. In order to investigate the origin of uEVs and the cargo they carry, some types of downstream analysis of uEVs may require concentration and enrichment as well as removal of contaminating substances. Co-isolation of the abundant urinary protein uromodulin with uEVs can be a problem, and may interfere with some techniques, in particular with proteomic analysis tools.

Amide groups in 3.7 billion years old liquid inclusions.

Carbon with depleted dC (down to - 25.6‰ VPDB) found in > 3.7 billion year old metamorphic sediments from the Isua Supracrustal Belt, Southwestern Greenland, has been proposed to represent the oldest remains of life on Earth.

Prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity, erosive tooth wear, gingival recession and periodontal health in seven European countries.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated risk indicators for dentine hypersensitivity (DH), erosive tooth wear (ETW), gingival recession (GR), and gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing, BOP), with clinical and questionnaire data from seven European countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, seven-European country, epidemiological study in systemically healthy adults. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding oral hygiene, diet and lifestyle factors.

A phase Ib trial of isatuximab, bendamustine, and prednisone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Introduction: Patients with triple-class refractory (TCR) multiple myeloma (MM) often need cytoreductive chemotherapy for rapid disease control. Bendamustine is an outpatient-administered, bifunctional alkylator and isatuximab is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody with unique cytotoxicity characteristics. We hypothesized that isatuximab-bendamustine-prednisone would be well-tolerated regimen in TCR MM, and conducted single-center, phase Ib, investigator-initiated study.

Enhancing the Intrinsic Antiplasmodial Activity and Improving the Stability and Selectivity of a Tunable Peptide Scaffold Derived from Human Platelet Factor 4.

The control of malaria, a disease caused by parasites that kills over half a million people every year, is threatened by the continual emergence and spread of drug resistance. Therefore, new molecules with different mechanisms of action are needed in the antimalarial drug development pipeline. Peptides developed from host defense molecules are gaining traction as anti-infectives due to theood of inducing drug resistance.

Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation.

Microglia are necessary for central nervous system (CNS) function during development and play roles in ageing, Alzheimer's disease and the response to demyelinating injury. The mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) is necessary for conventional T cell proliferation and macrophage-dependent immune responses. However, whether mitochondrial RC is essential for microglia proliferation or function is not known.

On the Spectroscopy of Phosphaalkynes: Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Study of CHCP.

Ethyl phosphaethyne, CHCP, has been characterized spectroscopically in the gas phase for the first time, employing millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectroscopy in the frequency regime from 75 to 760 GHz. Spectroscopic detection and analysis was guided by high-level quantum-chemical calculations of molecular structures and force fields performed at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles level extended by a perturbative correction for the contribution from triple excitations, CCSD(T), in combination with large basis sets. Besides the parent isotopologue, the three singly substituted C species were observed in natural abundance up to frequencies as high as 500 GHz.

PECARN prediction rule for cervical spine imaging of children presenting to the emergency department with blunt trauma: a multicentre prospective observational study.

Background: Cervical spine injuries in children are uncommon but potentially devastating; however, indiscriminate neck imaging after trauma unnecessarily exposes children to ionising radiation. The aim of this study was to derive and validate a paediatric clinical prediction rule that can be incorporated into an algorithm to guide radiographic screening for cervical spine injury among children in the emergency department.

Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we screened children aged 0-17 years presenting with known or suspected blunt trauma at 18 specialised children's emergency departments in hospitals in the USA affiliated with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN).

Cost, efficiency, and outcomes of pulsed field ablation vs thermal ablation for atrial fibrillation: A real-world study.

Background: With the exponential growth of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), there is increasing interest in associated health care costs. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) using a single-shot pentaspline multielectrode catheter has been shown to be safe and effective for AF ablation, but its cost efficiency compared to conventional thermal ablation modalities (cryoballoon [CB] or radiofrequency [RF]) has not been evaluated.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare cost, efficiency, effectiveness, and safety between PFA, CB, and RF for AF ablation.

A quality appraisal of economic evaluations of community water fluoridation: A systematic review.

Objectives: To critically appraise the methodological conduct and reporting quality of economic evaluations (EE) of community water fluoridation (CWF).

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in general databases and specialist directories of the economic literature. The Consensus on Health Economic Criteria list (CHEC) appraised the methodological quality while the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) assessed the reporting quality of included studies.

Effect of the DASH diet on the sodium-chloride cotransporter and aquaporin-2 in urinary extracellular vesicles.

The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet combines the antihypertensive effect of a low sodium and high potassium diet. In particular, the potassium component of the diet acts as a switch in the distal convoluted tubule to reduce sodium reabsorption, similar to a diuretic but without the side effects. Previous trials to understand the mechanism of the DASH diet were based on animal models and did not characterize changes in human ion channel protein abundance.

The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in people with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review.

Background: Oral health impacts systemic health, individual well-being, and quality of life. It is important to identify conditions that may exacerbate oral disease to aid public health and policy development and promote targeted patient treatment strategies. Developmental defects can increase an individual's risk of dental caries, hypersensitivity, premature tooth wear, erosion, and poor aesthetics.

Association of Pediatric Postcardiac Arrest Ventilation and Oxygenation with Survival Outcomes.

Adult and pediatric studies provide conflicting data regarding whether post-cardiac arrest hypoxemia, hyperoxemia, hypercapnia, and/or hypocapnia are associated with worse outcomes. We sought to determine whether postarrest hypoxemia or postarrest hyperoxemia is associated with lower rates of survival to hospital discharge, compared with postarrest normoxemia, and whether postarrest hypocapnia or hypercapnia is associated with lower rates of survival, compared with postarrest normocapnia. An embedded prospective observational study during a multicenter interventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation trial was conducted from 2016 to 2021.

Clinical Pharmacy Services in Canadian Emergency Departments: A 2022 National Survey.

Background: Support for the role of an emergency department (ED) clinical pharmacy team is evidence-based and recognized in numerous professional guidelines, yet previous literature suggests a low prevalence of ED clinical pharmacy services in Canadian hospitals.

Objectives: To update (from a survey conducted in 2013) the description and quantification of clinical pharmacy services in Canadian EDs.

Methods: All Canadian hospitals with an ED and at least 50 acute care beds were contacted to identify the presence of dedicated ED pharmacy services (defined as at least 0.

Checking nasogastric tube safety in children cared for in the community: a re-examination of the evidence base.

Nasogastric tube feeding is generally considered safe provided a nasogastric aspirate with a pH ≤5.5, which indicates that the end of tube is correctly located in the stomach, can be obtained. When this is not possible, hospital attendance or admission is usually required so that an X-ray can be undertaken to check the tube's position.

An infratentorial dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking cervical myelopathy: A case report.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas may have insidious clinical presentations and are often challenging to diagnose. A small number of cases have been associated with perimedullary venous congestion and cord oedema, mimicking common pathologies, such as cervical myelopathy. We describe a case report of a patient presenting with a constellation of symptoms and radiological signs mimicking C5/6 cervical myelopathy secondary to disc herniation.

Examining thermally induced movement of the fatal fire victim.

Investigating a fatal fire scene comprises analysis not only of the fire's development to identify the point of fire origin and ignition source, but analysis of a victim's position and their relationship within the scene. This work presents both qualitative and quantitative results from experimentation investigating the effect of a real fire environment on the human body, and how the position of a victim at the post burn investigation stage may be significantly different to the position at fire ignition. Qualitative observations were undertaken on the burning of 39 compartment and vehicle scenes from ignition through to suppression, each containing a human cadaver.

Chest compressions for pediatric organized rhythms: A hemodynamic and outcomes analysis.

Aim: Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend starting CPR for heart rates (HRs) less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) with poor perfusion. Objectives were to (1) compare HRs and arterial blood pressures (BPs) prior to CPR among patients with clinician-reported bradycardia with poor perfusion ("BRADY") vs. pulseless electrical activity (PEA); and (2) determine if hemodynamics prior to CPR are associated with outcomes.

Identification of post-cardiac arrest blood pressure thresholds associated with outcomes in children: an ICU-Resuscitation study.

Introduction: Though early hypotension after pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is associated with inferior outcomes, ideal post-arrest blood pressure (BP) targets have not been established. We aimed to leverage prospectively collected BP data to explore the association of post-arrest BP thresholds with outcomes. We hypothesized that post-arrest systolic and diastolic BP thresholds would be higher than the currently recommended post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation BP targets and would be associated with higher rates of survival to hospital discharge.

Examination of misconceptions surrounding fatal fire victims.

Fire deaths are not unusual in forensic investigative practice but due to the destructive nature of fire they are often very difficult to investigate. With the need to identify the deceased and the events surrounding the manner and cause of death, knowledge of thermally induced alteration to the human body is important. Within the fire investigation community, a number of misconceptions have been present for years regarding the protrusion of the tongue as an indicator of life during the fire, and fractured skulls as the result of brains boiling and skulls exploding.

Detection and Differentiation of Pathovars and from Wheat and Barley by Duplex Quantitative PCR.

Two probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) systems, namely P-Xtt and P-Xtu, were developed to diagnose cereal bacterial leaf streak pathogens pv. and pv. , respectively.

The Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry for Scleroderma: association of medication use on gastrointestinal tract symptoms in early disease and the importance of tobacco cessation.

Objectives: Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is frequently associated with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement. The Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER) is a US-based collaborative study collecting longitudinal follow up data on SSc patients with less than 5-years disease duration enrolled at Scleroderma centres of excellence. This manuscript presents the GIT natural history and outcomes in relation to other scleroderma manifestations and medication exposures.