Neprilysin-Mediated Amyloid Beta Clearance and Its Therapeutic Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neprilysin (NEP) is a neutral endopeptidase, important for the degradation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and other neuropeptides, including enkephalins, substance P, and bradykinin, in the brain, that influences various physiological processes such as blood pressure homeostasis, pain perception, and neuroinflammation. NEP breaks down Aβ peptides into smaller fragments, preventing the development of detrimental aggregates such as Aβ plaques. NEP clears Aβ plaques predominantly by enzymatic breakdown in the extracellular space.

Prognostic Model to Predict Outcome of Adult Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis Undergoing Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The prognosis of adult patients with tuberculous meningitis undergoing ventriculoperitoneal (VP) surgery is not well known. Prognostic models developed to predict the prognosis might help clinicians immensely.

Methods: This was a prospective study.

Utility of Itraconazole in Combination with Liposomal Amphotericin B in Rhizopus oryzae Associated Mucormycosis-An Exploratory Study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic-associated mucor epidemic, acute antifungal drug shortage necessitated the exploration of other antifungals based on culture sensitivity. Itraconazole is a cheap, safe, and effective antifungal in sensitive cases.

Methodology: We enrolled itraconazole-sensitive COVID-19-associated mucormycosis during the mucormycosis pandemic.

Hyperkinetic and Hypokinetic Movement Disorders in SSPE: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Background: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) typically presents with periodic myoclonus; however, a spectrum of movement disorders including dystonia, chorea, tremor, and parkinsonism have also been described. This review aims to evaluate the array of movement disorders in SSPE, correlating them with neuroimaging findings, disease stages, and patient outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of published case reports and case series was conducted on patients with SSPE exhibiting movement disorders other than periodic myoclonus.

Treatment Outcome in Patients with Disseminated Cysticercosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Disseminated cysticercosis is defined by multiple brain lesions and involvement of other body sites. Cysticidal treatment in disseminated cysticercosis is considered life-threatening. We conducted a systematic review of all published cases and case series to assess the safety and efficacy of cysticidal treatment.

The etiological spectrum of miliary brain lesions: A systematic review of published cases and case series.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the published cases with miliary brain lesions and their etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted using the specified search strategy. Eligibility criteria included cases with miliary lesions in the brain confirmed through neuroimaging and various diagnostic procedures.

The spectrum of psychiatric manifestations in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: A systematic review of published case reports and case series.

Data related to psychiatric manifestations in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is currently available only in the form of isolated case reports. In this systematic review, we evaluated the spectrum of psychiatric manifestations and their impact on the course and outcome of SSPE. Data were obtained from 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar), with the most recent search conducted on March 27, 2023.

Humoral and cellular immune response in patients of liver cirrhosis and immunocompetent recipient of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 Vaccine (Covishield).

Despite the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing the severity of the disease, the demand for booster is increasing in vulnerable populations like elderly and immunocompromised individuals especially with each new wave of COVID-19 in different countries. There is limited data on the sustained immunity against COVID-19 in patients with liver cirrhosis. The study was aimed to compare the T cell and humoral immune response after 1 year of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 Vaccine in patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy health care workers (HCW).

Occurrence and determinants of seizures and their impact on tuberculous meningitis: a prospective evaluation.

Objective: To assess the incidence of seizures and the factors contributing to poor outcomes in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 129 patients with TBM were enrolled at the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, India, from April 2021 to April 2023. Detailed clinical history, neurological examinations, baseline laboratory tests, contrast-enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) were obtained for all patients.

The spectrum of central nervous system manifestations in leprosy: a systematic review of published case reports and case series.

Background: This systematic review aimed to investigate central nervous system (CNS) involvement in leprosy by analysing multiple cohort studies, individual cases and case series.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases were searched up to 8 July 2023, using a predefined search strategy.

Satellite Epidemic of Covid-19 Associated Mucormycosis in India: A Multi-Site Observational Study.

Background: Sudden upsurge in cases of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM) following the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was recorded in India. This study describes the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of CAM cases, and factors associated with mortality.

Methods: Microbiologically confirmed CAM cases were enrolled from April 2021 to September 2021 from ten diverse geographical locations in India.

Bilateral Vision Loss and Visual Hallucinations in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Case Report.

We report an interesting case of visual loss and visual hallucinations in a 37-year-old man. He presented with decreased vision in both eyes and visual hallucinations for the last one and a half months. He also had multiple focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, CD1A and CD1E Genetic Polymorphisms in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Study from India.

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute acquired autoimmune inflammatory disorder of peripheral nerves and roots. The pathogenesis is essentially an aberrant post-infectious immune response in a genetically susceptible host milieu. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes encoding the inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, CD1A and CD1E can influence their expression and level and the susceptibility and clinical course of disease in GBS.

Reinfection of COVID-19 among doctors at a tertiary care centre in Northern India: A report from a resource-limited setting.

Background And Aims: There is an increasing recognition of reinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We studied the reinfection of COVID-19 disease among doctors at a tertiary care centre in Northern India.

Methods: All COVID-19 patients readmitted for COVID-19 disease after any duration with at least a positive Real time- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were included.

Case Report: An Unusual Case of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis with Distinctive Clinical and Neuroimaging Features.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a relentlessly progressive brain disorder with invariable mortality. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is common in measles-endemic areas. We report an unusual SSPE patient with distinctive clinical and neuroimaging features.

Impact of comorbid psychogenic non-epileptic seizures on migraine: An observational study.

Objectives: There is a bidirectional and complex interplay between psychiatric comorbidities and migraine. Migraine has been observed in 50-60% of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Studies describe migraine as a medical comorbidity in PNES.

Immune-dysregulation in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: An exploratory case-control study.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic progressive neurological condition caused by a defective measles virus. It is postulated that immune-dysregulation might result in persistent infection (immune evasion) as well as initiation of autoimmune phenomenon (via natural killer cells) leading to panencephalitis. The primary objective of this case-control study was to analyse the pattern of immune dysregulation in cases with SSPE.

A case of ischemic stroke and transient thrombocytopenia in a young female following adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccination: Was the association incidental or causal?

Since March 2021, cases with unusual clots, particularly cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis, have been reported worldwide following adenoviral vector-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. This entity has been termed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). We report a 23-year-old healthy female who developed seizures, altered sensorium, and left hemiparesis, 20 days after receiving the first dose of adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine "Covishield™.

Nerve biopsies in patients with peripheral neuropathy: A prospective evaluation.

Background: In approximately 25% of peripheral neuropathy cases, diagnosis remains obscure. In India, leprosy continues to remain one of the most frequent causes of peripheral neuropathy. We, in this prospective evaluation, performed nerve biopsies in patients with peripheral neuropathy for early confirmation of the diagnosis.