"Making it work in the face of extreme adversity" - Exploring perceptions for the future of the imaging and oncology workforce using 'soundbite' interviews.

Background: Public demand and scrutiny, an aging population, inefficient funding and the legacy of Covid-19 are just some of the challenges the United Kingdom's health service faces. In imaging and oncology, there has been an exponential growth in service need against a workforce which is struggling to recruit and retain. This project aims to explore what the current, and future, workforce perceive the main opportunities and solutions, threats and risks are.

Preliminary clinical evaluation: Where are we? An international scoping review.

Background: The College of Radiographers' vision was that diagnostic radiographers in the UK would be writing preliminary clinical evaluations (PCE) on images. Their 2013 policy supporting the use of PCE has not been updated in a decade and it might be suggested PCE practices in the UK have not really moved on, though elsewhere it appears to have gained traction. The aim of this scoping review was to establish the current global status of the use of PCE.

Radiographer abnormality flagging systems in the UK - A preliminary updated assessment of practice.

Introduction: Radiographer abnormality flagging systems have been in use in the UK for over 30 years, with the guidance of the Society and College of Radiographers indicated that the preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE), or comment, be the preferred system of choice. This study aimed to provide an updated assessment of current practice based upon a previous 2008 study.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was disseminated via Twitter and aimed at departmental and reporting leads.

Qualitative content analysis of image interpretation education in UK pre-registration diagnostic radiography programmes.

Introduction: Image interpretation is a required capability for all UK pre-registration programmes in diagnostic radiography to meet the needs of graduate practice. It also provides a potential educational foundation for future advanced clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore how image interpretation education is designed, delivered, and assessed within contemporary UK pre-registration diagnostic radiography programmes.

Preliminary image findings of lower limb stress fractures to aid ultrasonographic diagnoses: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: This systematic review investigates which image appearances are most common when diagnosing lower limb stress fractures using ultrasound imaging, with the aim of outlining an image critique guideline for operators to support confident diagnoses.

Method: A comprehensive literature search of medical databases and handsearching was undertaken to identify relevant studies. All studies were critically examined for quality using the CASP critical appraisal tool.

What information is required in a preliminary clinical evaluation? A service evaluation.

Introduction: The preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) abnormality flagging system is a progression from the red dot system. The need for a PCE service may be reduced by immediate "hot" reporting services, however, PCE can be valuable in those Trusts that do not have a "hot reporting"service, as well as in the out of hours setting. This study aimed to identify what information clinicians require within the PCE to aid decision making.

Expanding training capacity for radiographer reporting using simulation: Evaluation of a pilot academy project.

Introduction: Whilst there is increasing demand on radiology services in the UK, pressures are restricting the expansion of the multi-professional workforce. A pilot academy for radiography reporting was established to augment the traditional university and clinical education in a simulated environment using focussed teaching and real image worklists in a dedicated environment away from departments.

Methods: Located at a facility to replicate the clinical reporting environment, the emphasis of the nine-month pilot was to provide extensive 'hands-on' training to eight trainees.

Antileishmanial activity of chlorpromazine.

The antiprotozoal activity of chlorpromazine against the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani, in both its amastigote and promastigote stages, was characterized. Chlorpromazine at concentrations greater than or equal to 3.12 micrograms/ml (9.

Differential survival of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in human monocytes.

Leishmania donovani is an important intracellular protozoal pathogen of man; it is found solely within macrophages in its amastigote stage in humans, and exists in its extracellular, flagellated promastigote stage in the sandfly, its arthropod vector. To determine if either stage of L. donovani was capable of surviving within monocytes--the oxidatively active precursors of tissue macrophages--interactions of the parasite with human monocytes were studied in vitro.

Lethal effect of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani.

Phenothiazine drugs, which are widely used for their antipsychotic, antianxiety, and antiemetic effects, have been found to have protozoacidal effects on the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. These compounds are lethal to both the extracellular stage of the organism, which is inoculated into humans by the sand fly, and the intracellular stage, which is found solely in human macrophages during established infection.

Interaction of Leishmania donovani promastigotes with human monocyte-derived macrophages: parasite entry, intracellular survival, and multiplication.

Leishmania donovani promastigotes were incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to assess the role of macrophages in the early stage of visceral leishmaniasis. Adherent mononuclear cells, obtained from nonimmune human donors, were cultivated on glass cover slips for 5 days and then incubated with axenically grown promastigotes in the presence of heat-inactivated autologous serum. Promastigotes attached to macrophages with either their flagellar or aflagellar ends, and macrophage pseudopodia formed around them.