Ocular biometric responses to simulated polychromatic defocus.

Evidence from human studies of ocular accommodation and studies of animals reared in monochromatic conditions suggest that chromatic signals can guide ocular growth. We hypothesized that ocular biometric response in humans can be manipulated by simulating the chromatic contrast differences associated with imposition of optical defocus. The red, green, and blue (RGB) channels of an RGB movie of the natural world were individually incorporated with computational defocus to create two different movie stimuli.

Demographic Differences in Insomnia and Anxiety and the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Jordanian Healthy Adult.

Background: Prior studies showed that anxiety and insomnia are both associated with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). There is a lack of literature related to the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthy adult populations in developing countries as in Jordan, Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the CVD risk factors and both insomnia and anxiety among healthy adults had one or more modifiable CVD risk factors.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional method was used to examine the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and demographical and clinical association with anxiety and insomnia among 1000 Jordanian adult participants using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the insomnia severity index.

Parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Jordanian's perspectives.

Raising your child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Jordan is a challenge due to the prevailing behavioral concerns, low availability of specialized care, and generalized feelings of social stigma. This phenomenological study involved twelve Jordanian parents of children aged 4-14 years, all diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling, and semi-structured interviews were conducted.

A Child-Friendly Wearable Device for Quantifying Environmental Risk Factors for Myopia.

Purpose: In the past few decades, the prevalence of myopia, where the eye grows too long, has increased dramatically. The visual environment appears to be critical to regulating the eye growth. Thus, it is very important to determine the properties of the environment that put children at risk for myopia.

Indoor and outdoor human behavior and myopia: an objective and dynamic study.

Significance: Myopia holds significant public health concern given its social, ocular disease and economic burdens. Although environmental factors are primarily to blame for the rapid rise in prevalence, key risk factors remain unresolved.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to objectively characterize, using a wearable technology, the temporal indoor and outdoor behavioral patterns and associated environmental lighting characteristics of young myopic and nonmyopic University students.

Exploring the healthcare needs and experiences of pregnant women with congenital heart disease: A qualitative study.

Problem: Little is known regarding the healthcare needs and experiences of pregnant women with congenital heart disease (CHD) during pregnancy.

Background: Congenital heart diseases are the most common birth anomalies, and they embrace a wide range of defects ranging from mild to complex and life-threatening defects. Pregnancy carries many physiological and psychological changes that affect pregnant woman with CHD and need special attention and consideration.

Outcomes of Sciatic Nerve Injury Repairs: A Systematic Review.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the surgical repair techniques and the outcomes of sciatic nerve injuries in traumatic wounds.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the following keywords: and

Results: In total, 715 studies were retrieved. After abstract review, 13 articles fit the criteria.

IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia (≤-6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children.

Findings: High myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes.

IMI-The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia.

The choroid is the richly vascular layer of the eye located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane. Early studies in animals, as well as more recent studies in humans, have demonstrated that the choroid is a dynamic, multifunctional structure, with its thickness directly and indirectly subject to modulation by a variety of physiologic and visual stimuli. In this review, the anatomy and function of the choroid are summarized and links between the choroid, eye growth regulation, and myopia, as demonstrated in animal models, discussed.

Exploring the lived experiences of women with congenital heart disease during pregnancy: A phenomenological study.

Objective: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth anomalies, and they embraced a wide range of defects ranging from mild defects to complex and life-threatening defects. Medical advancement improved children's survival, and more females are reaching childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experience of Jordanian pregnant women with CHD during pregnancy.

The Relationship of Family and School Environments with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Jordanian Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among adolescents. The role of impaired family and school environments in adolescents' depression, anxiety, and stress in Jordan has yet to be established.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the association of family and school environments with the depression, anxiety, and stress of adolescents in Jordan.

Brown adipose tissue and regulation of human body weight.

Background: Approximately 30% of the global population is affected by obesity. Traditional non-surgical measures for weight loss have limited efficacy and tolerability. Therefore, there is a need for novel, effective therapies.

Volatility Interdependence Between Cryptocurrencies, Equity, and Bond Markets.

This paper investigates (i) the return-volatility spillover between Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin, (ii) the interdependence between cryptocurrencies' volatility and the US equity and bond markets' volatility, and (iii) the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the cryptocurrencies' return-volatility. A two-step estimation approach is considered where Univariate General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic models are estimated to model the volatility of the four cryptocurrencies then a Simultaneous Equation Model is estimated to model the interconnection between the cryptocurrency volatilities, the US equity and bond markets' volatility, and Covid-19 outbreak. We show that return-volatility spillovers exist among Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin while Ripple is the main transmitter of shocks.

Exploring the performance of responsible companies in G20 during the COVID-19 outbreak.

An uphill question of whether Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) directly impact firms' financial performance (FP) continues to vacillate between two opponent streams. In the present study, we argue that COVID-19 is an extreme event where the effect of ESG sharply manifests. We rely on cross-sectional data in the context of G20 countries for the year 2020.

Nutritional Factors and Myopia: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.

Significance: The rise in the prevalence of myopia, a significant worldwide public health concern, has been too rapid to be explained by genetic factors alone and thus suggests environmental influences.

Purpose: Relatively little attention has been paid to the possible role of nutrition in myopia. The availability of the large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, which includes results from vision examinations, offers the opportunity to investigate the relationship between several nutrition-related factors, including body metrics, and the presence and magnitude of myopia.

The Spatial Frequency Content of Urban and Indoor Environments as a Potential Risk Factor for Myopia Development.

Purpose: To examine the hypothesis that the spatial frequency spectra of urban and indoor environments differ from the natural environment in ways that may promote the development of myopia.

Methods: A total of 814 images were analyzed from three datasets; University of California Berkeley (UCB), University of Texas (UT), and Botswana (UPenn). Images were processed in Matlab (Mathworks Inc) to map the camera color characteristics to human cone sensitivities.

Origins of Refractive Errors: Environmental and Genetic Factors.

Refractive errors are the product of a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power, creating blurred vision. Uncorrected refractive errors are the second leading cause of worldwide blindness. One refractive error currently attracting significant scientific interest is myopia, mostly owing to the recent rise in its prevalence worldwide and associated ocular disease burden.

Optic Nerve Tilt, Crescent, Ovality, and Torsion in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort of Young Adults With and Without Myopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics in an ethnically diverse cohort of young U.S. adults.

Prevalence and Risk Factors ofWorkplace Violence towardMental Health Staff Departments in Jordanian Hospitals.

A cross-sectional study (n = 262) was conducted to assess the prevalence of workplace violence among mental health departments staff in Jordan. The findings showed that 67.2% of the respondents were victims of at least one violent incident in the last year.

A sloped piecemeal Gaussian model for characterising foveal pit shape.

Purpose: High-quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular scans make it possible to distinguish a range of normal and diseased states by characterising foveal pit shape. Existing mathematical models lack the flexibility to capture all known pit variations and thus characterise the pit with limited accuracy. This study aimed to develop a new model that provides a more robust characterisation of individual foveal pit variations.

Spectrum of mutations in a cohort of UK patients with ADA deficient SCID: Segregation of genotypes with specific ethnicities.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) arises from a number of different genetic defects, one of the most common being mutations in the gene encoding adenosine deaminase (ADA). In the UK, ADA deficient SCID compromises approximately 20% of all known cases of SCID. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the ADA gene in 46 known ADA deficient SCID patients on whom DNA had been stored.

Choroidal Thickness Profiles in Myopic Eyes of Young Adults in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial Cohort.

Purpose: To examine the relationship of choroidal thickness with axial length (AL) and myopia in young adult eyes in the ethnically diverse Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) cohort.

Design: Cross-sectional, multicenter study.

Methods: In addition to measures of myopia by cycloplegic autorefraction and AL by A-scan ultrasonography, participants underwent optical coherence tomography imaging of the choroid in both eyes at their last visit (14 years after baseline).

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis and hypothyroidism in a young adult: a case report.

Introduction: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the most common hip disorder affecting the adolescent population, usually individuals between 8 and 15 years old. However, there are few case reports of older patients in the literature to date. It is believed that the etiology is multifactorial and may include obesity, trauma and, less frequently, endocrine pathologies comprising hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and panhypopituitarism.