Biomarkers.

Background: Prolonged discrimination is psychosocial stressor, influencing mortality rates and contributing to cardiovascular and mental health disorders among Black individuals. Allostatic load (AL), the wear and tear of stress is a biological cumulative risk that links psychosocial stressors to adverse health outcomes. Currently, a consolidate review of evidence underscoring discrimination and AL in Black individuals is not available.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread social isolation and loneliness, especially among older adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern given its association with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, less is known about the potential impact of loneliness on cognitive health and decline in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically.

Understanding the Values, Qualities, and Preferences of Patients in Their Relationships With Obstetrics and Gynecology Providers: Cross-Sectional Survey With a Mixed Methods Approach.

Background: The patient-provider relationship in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) is uniquely complex due to the sensitive nature of examinations and topics. Patients often prefer health care providers who share similar racial, ethnic, gender, or linguistic backgrounds, particularly in sensitive health care situations, to improve communication and comfort, though historically, specific gender preferences for OBGYNs have not been evident.

Objective: This study aims to describe the values, qualities, and preferences of patients in their relationships with OBGYN providers.

Financing for equity for women's, children's and adolescents' health in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Over the past few decades, the world has witnessed considerable progress in women's, children's and adolescents' health (WCAH) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet deep inequities remain between and within countries. This scoping review aims to map financing interventions and measures to improve equity in WCAH in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects.

Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has received considerable attention, especially in persistent cases that take a long time to recover. This review discusses the integration of different components of the olfactory epithelium to serve as a structural and functional unit and explores how they are affected during viral infections, leading to the development of olfactory dysfunction.

Analysis of funding landscape for health policy and systems research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A scoping review of the literature over the past decade.

Background: Health policy and systems research (HPSR) can strengthen health systems and improve population health outcomes. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), there is limited recognition of the importance of HPSR and funding remains the main challenge. This study seeks to: (1) assess the reporting of funding in HPSR papers published between 2010 and 2022 in the EMR, (2) examine the source of funding in the published HPSR papers in the EMR and (3) explore variables influencing funding sources, including any difference in funding sources for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related articles.

In situ brain tumor detection using a Raman spectroscopy system-results of a multicenter study.

Safe and effective brain tumor surgery aims to remove tumor tissue, not non-tumoral brain. This is a challenge since tumor cells are often not visually distinguishable from peritumoral brain during surgery. To address this, we conducted a multicenter study testing whether the Sentry System could distinguish the three most common types of brain tumors from brain tissue in a label-free manner.

Image guided preoperative abdominal wall botox injection for large ventral hernia repair: A case series.

This case series aims to explore the application of preoperative CT guided Botox injections in three different cases of abdominal wall reconstructions. Each of the three cases highlights the role of chemical component separation in achieving myofascial release and contributing to a successful surgical repair. The use of Botox in the preoperative planning of abdominal wall repair aims at creating a tension-free environment for midline closure and promoting an overall positive postoperative course for the patient.

Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Research: An Analysis of Global Landscape Efforts and Achievements.

Lipid-bilayer-based liposomes are gaining attention in scientific research for their versatile role in drug delivery. With their amphiphilic design, liposomes efficiently encapsulate and deliver drugs to targeted sites, offering controlled release. These artificial structures hold great promise in advancing cancer therapy methodologies.

The Relative Contribution of Glycine-GABA Cotransmission in the Core of the Respiratory Network.

The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) and the Bötzinger complex (BötC) are interconnected neural circuits that are involved in the regulation of breathing in mammals. Fast inhibitory neurotransmission is known to play an important role in the interaction of these two regions. Moreover, the corelease of glycine and GABA has been described in the respiratory network, but the contribution of the individual neurotransmitter in different pathways remains elusive.

The Lone Cusp: A Patient With a Regurgitant Unicuspid Valve With Aortic Aneurysm.

• UAV is a rare clinical entity often misdiagnosed as BAV. • UAV can manifest with isolated AR. • UAV has a bimodal distribution: acommissural (infants) or unicommissural (adults).

Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetics and Delirium After Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Introduction: The cause of postoperative delirium is unknown, but it is thought to result at least in part from inflammation. Metformin, besides its hypoglycemic properties, demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects systemically and in the brain. We tested the primary hypothesis that chronic metformin use in adults with type 2 diabetes is associated with less delirium during the first 5 days after major noncardiac surgery.

Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) in Cancer: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Pathway Regulation.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator for balancing oxygen in the cells. It is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. Recently, research has demonstrated the multiple roles of HIF-1 in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including cancer.

Effort-reward and overcommitment at work and psychiatric symptoms in healthcare professionals: The mediation role of allostatic load.

Background: Despite decades of advancement to support interventions for managing work-related stress, mental health issues have significantly escalated among healthcare professionals. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and overcommitment in the workplace are linked to several psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear.

Potential of CDC25 phosphatases in cancer research and treatment: key to precision medicine.

The global burden of cancer continues to rise, underscoring the urgency of developing more effective and precisely targeted therapies. This comprehensive review explores the confluence of precision medicine and CDC25 phosphatases in the context of cancer research. Precision medicine, alternatively referred to as customized medicine, aims to customize medical interventions by taking into account the genetic, genomic, and epigenetic characteristics of individual patients.

Knowledge and Awareness of Stroke among the Elderly Population: Analysis of Data from a Sample of Older Adults in a Developing Country.

Stroke prevention has traditionally concentrated on research to improve knowledge and awareness of the disease in the general population. Since stroke incidents increase with age, there is a need to focus on the elderly, a high-risk group for developing the disease. This study aimed to examine the level of stroke awareness and knowledge, their predictors, and their source of information.

Norepinephrine regulates calcium signals and fate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the mouse cerebral cortex.

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) generate oligodendrocytes, contributing to myelination and myelin repair. OPCs contact axons and respond to neuronal activity, but how the information relayed by the neuronal activity translates into OPC Ca signals, which in turn influence their fate, remains unknown. We generated transgenic mice for concomitant monitoring of OPCs Ca signals and cell fate using 2-photon microscopy in the somatosensory cortex of awake-behaving mice.

Maintaining quality of life after major lung resection for carcinoid tumor.

Background: Pulmonary carcinoid is a rare diagnosis with surgery remaining the standard treatment of choice. However, resection may impact patients' daily activities due to decreased lung volume reserve and postoperative pain. Our study aims to compare the impact of different types of surgical resection on the post-operative quality of life with the application of a strict peri-operative pulmonary care program.