Bilateral Aggressive Mooren Ulcer in the Setting of Bilateral Pterygia and Pregnancy: A Unique Case.

Purpose: To report an unusual case of bilateral aggressive Mooren ulcer that occurred in the setting of bilateral pterygia and showed a relentless course during pregnancy.

Methods: A 39-year-old woman of Black African ethnicity, 36-week pregnant, presented to the eye casualty with bilateral nasal corneal ulcer and associated melt around preexisting pterygia. A detailed workup including microbial evaluation, culture and sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus, inflammatory blood profile, autoimmune markers, and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) screening was undertaken.

Baerveldt Aqueous Shunt with or without Mitomycin C Augmentation: A Retrospective Comparison Study.

Objective: To evaluate if intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) influences the success of Baerveldt aqueous shunts.

Design: Retrospective comparative case series.

Participants: The study population consisted of 88 patients.

Posterior corneal morphological changes in primary congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare posterior corneal morphology between older treated and younger untreated children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and intraoperative OCT (iOCT), respectively.

Methods: In this comparative study, ASOCT of older PCG children were compared with iOCT of younger untreated PCG patients. Differences between the two groups with respect to posterior corneal morphology were studied.

Case Report: Pediatric Ocular Ischemia and Neovascular Glaucoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Significance: Neovascular glaucoma is an important subset of secondary glaucoma in neurofibromatosis patients. Vasculopathy of the ophthalmic circulation needs to be borne in mind while evaluating their etiology.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the presentation, diagnostic work-up and management of an unusual case of neovascular glaucoma in a child.

Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma - A clinical and genetic update.

Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a subset of primary open-angle glaucoma that is diagnosed before 40 years of age. The disease may be familial or non-familial, with proportions varying among different populations. Myocilin mutations are the most commonly associated.

Improving long-term intraocular pressure and visual outcomes in eyes with aniridic glaucoma.

Purpose: To study the long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual outcomes in treated aniridic glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with aniridia and glaucoma, with ≥ 2-year follow-up, was performed. Eyes in early glaucomatous stages were medically managed, while moderate-severe stage eyes underwent a trabeculectomy with mitomycin-c (MMC).

The high-pressure bleb.

A 45-year-old male presented with a slowly progressive, painless swelling in his right eye for the past 6 months. He had undergone an open globe injury repair 10 years back and an eventful cataract surgery 5 years back. The presenting visual acuity in the affected eye was perception of light with inaccurate projection of rays.

Myopia and glaucoma progression among patients with juvenile onset open angle glaucoma: A retrospective follow up study.

Objective: To identify the risk factors for glaucoma progression, especially the association with myopia, among treated juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) patients.

Methods: Glaucomatous progression was analysed in the eyes of JOAG patients with at least 5-years of follow up in this retrospective study. Baseline variables such as age, inheritance pattern, baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), baseline central corneal thickness, visual acuity, baseline refractive error, spherical equivalent (SE) and duration of follow-up were noted.

Achieving low target intraocular pressures in severe glaucoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess details of therapy required to achieve an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ⩽12 mmHg in patients with severe glaucoma of different etiologies.

Methods: Patients with a follow-up of at least 1 year, who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected, and data analyzed with respect to baseline IOP, number of medications, and/or surgeries required to achieve an IOP of ⩽12 mmHg and ⩾6 mmHg. Final IOP, visual field status and medications/surgery required were noted.

Intralenticular changes in eyes with mature senile cataract on modified posterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To study the morphological changes within mature senile cataracts on modified posterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study recruiting patients of mature cataracts admitted for elective cataract surgery in tertiary eye care. A modified OCT imaging of the lens was done and lenticular findings were noted by a single observer.

Clinically useful smartphone ophthalmic imaging techniques.

Imaging devices in ophthalmology are numerous, and most of them are sophisticated and specialized for specific regions of the eye. In addition, these are fixed and involve close interaction of the patient and the examiner; therefore, simple, portable and tele facility-imbibed imaging tools can be considered optimal alternatives to routine exercises. In the last 10 years, utility of smartphones in ophthalmology is being continuously explored to unearth their potential benefits.

Case Report: Cyclodialysis Cleft in a Case of Open-globe Injury and Role of Swept-source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis.

Significance: Cyclodialysis clefts can potentially develop secondary to open globe injury. The swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-AS-OCT) may be a valuable diagnostic tool for the identification and estimation of the circumferential extent of cyclodialysis clefts. It could be considered an alternative when ultrasound biomicroscopy cannot be performed successfully.

Trabeculectomy on Animal Eye Model for Resident Surgical Skill Training: The Need of the Hour.

: To describe a goats' eye training model for teaching of trabeculectomy and releasable suture techniques for Ophthalmology residents. : A descriptive report explaining the methodology for setting up a goats' eye wet-lab model for teaching trabeculectomy for Ophthalmology residents. It details the approaches to eyeball preparation, steps of surgery, application and release of two representative types of 'releasable sutures' in a step-by-step manner.

Trabeculectomy in an unsuspected extramedullary iris-ciliary body plasmacytoma.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the iris and ciliary body is extremely rare. We present a case which was misdiagnosed as granulomatous uveitis with neovascular glaucoma, and underwent a trabeculectomy with mitomycin-c along with iris biopsy. The post-operative period showed early bleb failure and catastrophic growth of the suspected mass.

Preoperative assessment of posterior capsular integrity using a posterior segment OCT with a +20 D lens: The 'conical sign' to suggest capsular deficiency in posterior polar cataracts.

Purpose: To study the morphology of posterior polar cataracts and posterior lens capsules using modified posterior segment optical coherence tomography (m-OCT).

Setting: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Severity of visual field defects in primary congenital glaucoma and their risk factors.

Purpose: The primary objective of the study was to assess the frequency and severity of visual field defects (VFD) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The secondary objective was to ascertain any associated risk factors.

Methods: An ambispective review of patients with PCG on follow-up with a 'target' intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≤ 15 mmHg.

Clinical and ASOCT evaluations of 'bleb-sparing epithelial exchange' in paediatric and adult dysfunctional blebs over 5 years.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcome of 'bleb-sparing epithelial exchange' surgery for dysfunctional filtering blebs in paediatric and adult eyes.

Methods: Patients who had undergone bleb revision ≥ 5 years back and were on regular follow-up were included. Age, ocular diagnosis, details of primary filtering surgery including mitomycin-C (MMC) usage, indication and year of bleb revision were recorded.

Clinical, ultrasonographic and optical coherence tomography correlation of optic nerve head cupping in glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To ascertain if ultrasound (USG) B-scan examination of the optic nerve head (ONH) can be a useful tool to diagnose and quantify glaucomatous cupping.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of 48 eyes of 48 patients with clear ocular media and cup-disc ratio of (CDR) ≥0.6 were included.

Neglected ocular surface care in critical care medicine: An observational study.

Aim: To study the prevalence of lagophthalmos and its related complications among the unconscious patients admitted in the intensive care units (ICU)/wards of a tertiary care centre.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study.

Results: A total of 87 unconscious patients were included.

The Probable Mechanism of Traumatic Angle Recession and Cyclodialysis.

During blunt ocular trauma, the anteroposterior compressive forces confronted lead to consequent equatorial expansion of the globe. This may result in ciliary body trauma, typically manifesting as angle recession or cyclodialysis. The authors hypothesize that a likely asymmetric contraction between the longitudinal and circular ciliary fibers, and an intrinsic weak "oblique buffer zone" creates a plane of separation between the 2, resulting in angle recession.

Post traumatic retinal injuries: Does the ocular protective reflex play a crucial role?

Traumatic retinal injuries are commonly encountered in most retinal subspecialty clinics. Retinal dialysis, detachment and other complications consequent to blunt trauma are often thought to be due to equatorial expansion of the globe following an antero-posterior compressive force. However, stretching of the globe along the primary anatomical equator may not hold true for the adjusted globe position as a consequence of the protective Bell's phenomenon which gets activated before impact.