Clinical Phenotypes Associated with the Gut Microbiome in Older Japanese People with Care Needs in a Nursing Home.

Background: Frailty increases the risk of needing nursing care and significantly affects the life and functional prognosis of older individuals. Early detection and tailored interventions are crucial for maintaining and enhancing their life functions. Recognizing distinct clinical phenotypes is essential for devising appropriate interventions.

Blue Shift of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Ultrathin Nanorod by Forming a Single Atomic Silver Shell via Antigalvanic Process.

Gold ultrathin nanorods (Au UNRs) are anisotropic nanostructures constructed by attaching gold nanoclusters in one dimension. Au UNRs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) only in the longitudinal direction because their diameter is smaller than the Fermi wavelength of an electron (<2 nm). In this study, we found that the LSPR wavelength of oleylamine-stabilized Au UNRs is blue-shifted simply by mixing with Ag(I).

Pentagon-Rich Caged Carbon Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Electrolytes.

The interaction between electron spin and oxygen molecules in non-platinum catalysts, particularly carbon catalysts, significantly influences the catalytic performance of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A promising approach to developing high-performance catalysts involves introducing five-membered ring structures with spin into graphitic carbons. In this study, we present the successful synthesis of cage-like cubic carbon catalysts enriched with pentagon structures using pentagon ring-containing C and a NaCl template.

Niraparib in Japanese patients with heavily pretreated, homologous recombination-deficient ovarian cancer: final results of a multicenter phase 2 study.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of niraparib in Japanese women with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer.

Methods: This was the follow-up analysis of a phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study in Japanese women with homologous recombination-deficient, platinum-sensitive, relapsed, high-grade serous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who had completed 3-4 lines of chemotherapy and were poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor naïve. Participants received niraparib (starting dose, 300 mg) once daily in continuous 28-day cycles until objective disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal.

Atezolizumab and chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (AtTEnd): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: At the time of AtTEnd trial design, standard treatment for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer included carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. This trial assessed whether combining atezolizumab with chemotherapy might improve outcomes in this population.

Methods: AtTEnd was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial done in 89 hospitals in 11 countries across Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Asia.

Reduction-Induced Self-Propelled Oscillatory Motion of Perylenediimides on Water.

The emergence of macroscopic self-propelled oscillatory motion based on molecular design has attracted continual attention in relation to autonomous systems in living organisms. Herein, a series of perylenediimides (PDIs) with various imide side chains was prepared to explore the impact of molecular design and alignment on the self-propelled motion at the air-water interface. When placed on an aqueous solution containing a reductant, a solid disk of neutral PDI was reduced to form the water-soluble, surface-active PDI dianion species, which induces a surface tension gradient in the vicinity of the disk for self-propelled motion.

Prognostic impact of the number of resected pelvic nodes in endometrial cancer: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group Study JGOG2043 post hoc analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the number of resected pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) affects the prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC) patients at post-operative risk of recurrence.

Methods: JGOG2043 was a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of three chemotherapeutic regimens as adjuvant therapy in EC patients with post-operative recurrent risk. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 250 patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy alone in JGOG2043.

RhRu Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Catalysts for Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arenes and Carboxylic Acids.

Noble-metal-based bimetallic oxide clusters are promising novel catalysts. In this study, we developed carbon-supported RhRu bimetallic oxide clusters (RhRuO/C) with a mean diameter of 1.2 nm, which showed remarkable catalytic activity for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of arenes and carboxylic acids with O as the sole oxidant.

A phase 1/1b, open-label, dose-escalation study of PD-1 inhibitor, cetrelimab alone and in combination with FGFR inhibitor, erdafitinib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the leading approaches in tumor immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to establish recommended phase 2 doses (RP2Ds) of intravenous cetrelimab, a checkpoint inhibitor, alone and with oral erdafitinib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. This open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalation phase 1/1b study enrolled adults with advanced solid tumors who were ineligible for standard therapy.

Structures, fundamental properties, and potential applications of low-dimensional C polymers and other nanocarbons: a review.

Since carbon (C) atom has a variety of chemical bonds hybridization between s and p atomic orbitals, it is well known that there are robust carbon materials. In particular, discovery of C has been an epoch making to cultivate nanocarbon fields. Since then, nanocarbon materials such as nanotube and graphene have been reported.

Quality of care measurement for patients with ovarian cancer in Japan.

Aim: Quality of care is important to reduce disease progression, and improve both survival and quality of life. The Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology has published treatment guidelines to promote standardized high-quality care for ovarian cancer in Japan. We developed quality indicators based on the guideline recommendations and used them on large datasets of health service use to examine the quality of ovarian cancer care.

Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using CogEvo: A Computerized Cognitive Function Assessment Tool.

Introduction/objectives: To assess the utility of the computerized cognitive function assessment tool, CogEvo, as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in primary care, we explored the relationship between CogEvo performance, age, and the severity of cognitive dysfunction evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Methods: The observational cross-sectional study included 209 individuals' data (mean age 79.4 ± 8.

A first-in-human phase I study of TAS-117, an allosteric AKT inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: TAS-117 is a highly potent and selective, oral, allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor under development for advanced/metastatic solid tumors. The safety, clinical pharmacology, pharmacogenomics and efficacy were investigated.

Methods: This phase I, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalating, first-in-human study enrolled patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors and comprised three phases (dose escalation phase [DEP], regimen modification phase [RMP], and safety assessment phase [SAP]).

Diphosphine-Protected IrAu Superatom with Open Site(s): Synthesis and Programmed Stepwise Assembly.

One or two phenylacetylide (PA) ligand(s) were successfully removed from the IrAu superatomic core of [IrAu(dppe)(PA)] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) by reaction with controlled amounts of tetrafluoroboric acid. Optical and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and density functional theory calculations revealed the formation of open Au site(s) on the IrAu core of [IrAu(dppe)(PA)] and [IrAu(dppe)] with the remaining structure intact. Isocyanide was efficiently trapped at the open electrophilic site on [IrAu(dppe)(PA)], whereas a dimer or trimer of the IrAu superatoms was formed using diisocyanide as a linker.

Unsupervised machine learning combined with 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy for bimodal nanostructural analysis.

Unsupervised machine learning techniques have been combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to enable comprehensive crystal structure analysis with nanometer spatial resolution. In this study, we investigated large-scale data obtained by four-dimensional (4D) STEM using dimensionality reduction techniques such as non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and hierarchical clustering with various optimization methods. We developed software scripts incorporating knowledge of electron diffraction and STEM imaging for data preprocessing, NMF, and hierarchical clustering.

"KAIZEN" method realizing implementation of deep-learning models for COVID-19 CT diagnosis in real world hospitals.

Numerous COVID-19 diagnostic imaging Artificial Intelligence (AI) studies exist. However, none of their models were of potential clinical use, primarily owing to methodological defects and the lack of implementation considerations for inference. In this study, all development processes of the deep-learning models are performed based on strict criteria of the "KAIZEN checklist", which is proposed based on previous AI development guidelines to overcome the deficiencies mentioned above.

Fast electron damage mechanism of epoxy resin studied by electron energy loss spectroscopy and electron diffraction.

The damage mechanism and exposure tolerance of epoxy resins to fast electrons remain unclear. We quantitatively investigated the effects of electron irradiation on a common epoxy resin by dose-dependent electron energy loss spectroscopy. The results show that sp3 states of nitrogen, oxygen, and their adjacent carbon atoms were converted to sp2 states, forming imine (C=N) and carbonyl (C=O) as the total electron dose increased.

Cinematographic study of stochastic chemical events at atomic resolution.

The advent of single-molecule atomic-resolution time-resolved electron microscopy (SMART-EM) has created a new field of 'cinematic chemistry,' allowing for the cinematographic recording of dynamic behaviors of organic and inorganic molecules and their assembly. However, the limited electron dose per frame of video images presents a major challenge in SMART-EM. Recent advances in direct electron counting cameras and techniques to enhance image quality through the implementation of a denoising algorithm have enabled the tracking of stochastic molecular motions and chemical reactions with sub-millisecond temporal resolution and sub-angstrom localization precision.

Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors after proton beam therapy in head and neck mucosal melanoma: a case series.

Proton beam therapy (PBT) has shown promising efficacy in treating locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma despite its poor prognosis. Although PBT may improve the efficacy of subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the safety of ICIs in patients who have previously received PBT has not been established. Hence, this study evaluated the safety of ICIs in patients who had recurrent mucosal melanoma after PBT.