Exploration of bioactive molecules from Sesbania grandiflora (L.): identification of squalene as an effective compound against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, through molecular docking.

Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is a devastating polyphagous mite causing considerable economic loss. Acaricides are showered in crops to manage this pest. The pest is known for developing resistance to several classical acaricides.

Hydrophobic forces at play: insights into AmelOBP4 and brood volatile interactions in hygienic behavior.

Understanding the intricate processes underlying olfaction necessitates unraveling the complexities of odorant binding protein's interactions with volatile compounds triggering hygienic behavior in , This study delves into the intricate processes of olfaction by focusing on the interactions between Odorant Binding Protein 4 (AmelOBP4) and volatile compounds associated with hygienic behavior, employing a comprehensive computational approach. Molecular docking analyses reveal detailed binding interactions, emphasizing the significance of hydrophobic interactions and specific amino acid residues in stabilizing AmelOBP4-volatile complexes, notably with 2-nonacosanone (-8.4 kcal/mol) and hexacosyl acetate (-8.

Field Exploration for Colony Selection: Evaluating Hygienic Behavior in Colonies.

Hygienic behavior (HB) emerges as a pivotal trait, impacting colony resistance to diseases. This study aimed to understand the behavioral traits of colonies, with a focus on HB and other key characteristics crucial for colony health, and to screen and identify colonies with superior hygienic behavior and better performance to combat prevailing diseases and pests. This research spans a comprehensive field analysis with different seasons and locations, encompassing the distinct environmental and management factors that influence honey bee behavior.

Lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome with posterior spinal dysraphism.

Lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome, which includes abnormalities of the vertebral bodies, ribs and trunk musculature, is very rare and only few cases have been reported. We report a case of 18-month-old female child with absent ribs, hemivertebrae, superior lumbar hernia (features of lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome) and posterior spinal dysraphism, which to our knowledge is the first case in the English literature with such a combination of defects. Embryology and management of the case is discussed.

Long-term outcome in patients with central neurocytoma following stereotactic biopsy and radiation therapy.

Total excision is usually the recommended treatment for central neurocytomas. The role of radiation therapy in their management is controversial, and is usually reserved for partially resected or recurrent tumours. Long-term outcome was studied in patients with central neurocytoma who were treated with radiation therapy.

Effect of controlled hypercapnia on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and operating conditions during transsphenoidal operations for pituitary macroadenoma.

Controlled hypercapnia was assessed for its effectiveness in raising cerebrospinal fluid pressure to enable descent of the suprasellar portion of pituitary macroadenomas during transsphenoidal surgery. The result was compared in a randomized, single blind trial with intermittent boluses of saline injected intrathecally. Intrathecal pressures were monitored in both groups.

Extradural endodermal cyst of posterior fossa: case report, review of the literature, and embryogenesis.

Objective And Importance: Posterior fossa endodermal cysts are rare. They are located in the midline, in ventral or ventrolateral locations, or intrinsic to the neural axis. Accordingly, various theories of embryogenesis have been proposed.

Spontaneous fluctuation in the size of a midline posterior fossa arachnoid cyst.

Arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa are rather uncommon compared with their supratentorial counterparts. Spontaneous disappearance of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts has been reported but there are none in the English literature on the spontaneous fluctuation in size of a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst. We present a 41-year-old male, with a midline posterior fossa arachnoid cyst, which appeared to lessen in size spontaneously with complete disappearance of symptoms and then enlarged with a worsening in neurological status.

A petrous bone artefact on MRI: technical note.

We report an artefact seen on MRI in a patient with a cerebellopontine angle syndrome due to an epidermoid cyst. Even minute nonferromagnetic metallic particles such as gold can cause large artefacts.

Symptomatic pneumocephalus after transsphenoidal surgery.

Background: Symptomatic pneumocephalus after transsphenoidal surgery, though reported, is a rare phenomenon. We report three cases of pneumocephalus in a series of 300 transsphenoidal operations for sellar/suprasellar mass lesions done over the past 12 years.

Methods And Results: Three cases of symptomatic pneumocephalus occurring after transsphenoidal surgery are presented to illustrate the causative factors, methods of prevention, and management.

Clinicoradiological and pathological correlations in patients with solitary cysticercus granuloma and epilepsy: focus on presence of the parasite and oedema formation.

A study of the clinical, radiological, and pathological correlations in 43 patients with solitary cysticercus granuloma and epilepsy focused on factors that might help in predicting the presence of the parasite in the granuloma and those that might influence the formation of oedema around the granuloma. The duration of symptoms (< six months and > or = six months) and CT morphology of the granuloma (ring and disc, type A; nodular lesion, type B) were studied as factors that could possibly predict the presence of the parasite in the granuloma. The influence of sex of the patient and the presence of a neutrophilic response in the granuloma on the intensity of oedema around the lesion as seen on CT was also studied.

Anterior communicating artery aneurysms : the direction of aneurysm and its bearing on surgical outcome.

A series of 44 consecutive patients with aneurysms of anterior communicating (A. Com.) artery during an 8 year period, during which 80 patients with 91 aneurysms were operated, is being reported.

Differentiating solitary small cysticercus granulomas and tuberculomas in patients with epilepsy. Clinical and computerized tomographic criteria.

It is commonly believed that differentiating solitary small cysticercus granulomas and small tuberculomas in patients with seizures is difficult without resorting to an excision biopsy. The aim of this study was to formulate clinical and computerized tomography (CT) criteria to distinguish these two entities in patients with epilepsy. Toward this end, clinical and CT data from six consecutive patients with histologically proven small solitary tuberculomas and 25 consecutive patients with histologically proven solitary cysticercus granulomas were compared.

Intracranial aspergillus granuloma.

Intracranial aspergillus granulomas over a 12-year period were studied retrospectively. Three distinctive types of presentations were seen, namely nine patients had the rhinocerebral form with primary involvement of the air sinuses and secondary involvement of the skull base, cranial nerves and brain, three patients with the apparently purely intracranial form presented like any other space occupying lesion and one patient who had a 'stroke-like' presentation had a parasellar lesion. None of these patients were immunocompromised.

Ascorbic acid and focal cerebral ischaemia in a primate model.

Neuronal cell damage following ischaemia is postulated to be due to free radical induced lipid peroxidation, and ascorbic acid is supposedly an important non-enzymatic scavenger of such free radicals. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ascorbic acid on the brain in a primate model after focal cerebral ischemia. Consumption of ascorbic acid in the monkey brain following ischaemia and its effect on macroscopic infarct size as demonstrated by 2, 3, 5, Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were used as parameters.

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull. A report of two cases.

We report two cases of primary Ewing's sarcoma of the skull. The literature contains previous reports of only four such cases.

The effect of aluminum ions and sorbitol on collagen and skin: a thermally stimulated current spectroscopy study.

The influence of aluminum ions introduced either directly or with sorbitol, in collagen and skin, has been investigated by Thermally Stimulated Current/TSC spectroscopy. The intramolecular mobility of collagen has been found to be significantly reduced by aluminum ions. The substitution of water molecules by aluminum ions on intramolecular hydrophilic sites is suggested to be responsible for this evolution.

Multicentric gliomas: two case reports and a review of the literature.

Multicentric gliomas are among the rarest of multiple intracranial neoplasms. Two biopsy proven cases are described with a review of the literature. Both cases had supratentorial and posterior fossa lesions.

Interaction of cis-Pt(ino)2Cl2 with amino acids.

The reactions of cis-Pt(ino)2Cl2 with the amino acids Gly, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Ileu, L-Phe and L-Pro were studied in methanolic solutions. The (1:1) adducts of the formulas cis-[Pt(ino)2(am-ac)]Cl were isolated from these reactions in the solid state, which in turn produce the cis-[Pt(ino)2(am-acH)Cl]Cl complexes, by treating the former with equivalent amounts of HCl, in aqueous solutions. The complexes were characterized with elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra.

Determination of trace amounts of nickel by atomic-absorption spectrometry after carbonyl generation.

A sensitive and reliable method for the atomic-absorption spectrometric determination of micro-amounts of Ni in organic and inorganic samples has been developed, with separation of nickel by carbonyl generation. Foreign anions and cations do not interfere. Only metallic iron hampers the generation of Ni(CO)(4) but this interference can be avoided if the latter is formed in nitric acid medium.