A scoping review of physical activity interventions in youth attending child and adolescent mental health services.

Background: There has been an international effort to improve physical health in general and in those with mental illness. Physical activity (PA) may be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment for mental health disorders and to improve physical well-being.

Aims: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to PA interventions offered in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).

Impact of Folinic Acid Dosing on Efficacy and Toxicity of High-Dose Methotrexate in Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

Introduction: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-based regimens are the treatment of choice in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Folinic acid (FA) rescue is used to mitigate the toxic effects of MTX on normal cells. However, the optimal dosing of FA in PCNSL remains uncertain.

Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood vaccination refusal in the United States.

Parental refusal and delay of childhood vaccination has increased in recent years in the United States. This phenomenon challenges maintenance of herd immunity and increases the risk of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. We examine US county-level vaccine refusal for patients under five years of age collected during the period 2012-2015 from an administrative healthcare dataset.

Prevalence and correlates of restrictive interventions in an Irish child and adolescent psychiatric unit: a 4-year retrospective study.

Background: There has been a global effort to reduce the use of restrictive interventions (RIs) in healthcare settings. In order to reduce unnecessary RIs, it is essential to understand their use in mental health settings. To date, there have been few studies examining the use of RIs in child and adolescent mental health settings, with no such studies in Ireland.

Modeling the Social and Spatial Proximity of Crime: Domestic and Sexual Violence Across Neighborhoods.

Objectives: Our goal is to understand the social dynamics affecting domestic and sexual violence in urban areas by investigating the role of connections between area nodes, or communities. We use innovative methods adapted from spatial statistics to investigate the importance of social proximity measured based on connectedness pathways between area nodes. In doing so, we seek to extend the standard treatment in the neighborhoods and crime literature of areas like census blocks as independent analytical units or as interdependent primarily due to geographic proximity.

Strategic testing approaches for targeted disease monitoring can be used to inform pandemic decision-making.

More than 1.6 million Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were administered daily in the United States at the peak of the epidemic, with a significant focus on individual treatment. Here, we show that objective-driven, strategic sampling designs and analyses can maximize information gain at the population level, which is necessary to increase situational awareness and predict, prepare for, and respond to a pandemic, while also continuing to inform individual treatment.

Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy.

Introduction: Despite the rapid advance of psychedelic science and possible translation of psychedelic therapy into the psychiatric clinic, very little is known about mental health service user attitudes.

Objectives: To explore mental health service user attitudes to psychedelics and psilocybin therapy.

Methods: A questionnaire capturing demographics, diagnoses, previous psychedelic and other drug use, and attitudes to psychedelics and psilocybin therapy was distributed to mental health service users.

Minding metabolism: targeted interventions to improve cardio-metabolic monitoring across early and chronic psychosis.

Background: Antipsychotics (APs) increase weight, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Guidelines recommend cardio-metabolic monitoring at initial assessment, at 3 months and then annually in people prescribed APs.

Aim: To determine the rates of cardio-metabolic monitoring in AP treated early and chronic psychosis and to assess the impact of targeted improvement strategies.

An audit of the cervical screening programme in the National Drug Treatment Centre (NDTC).

Background: Women diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUDs) have higher rates of major medical conditions compared to women without SUDs. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 20-39 years worldwide and women with SUDs have an increased risk of cervical cancer compared to women without SUD. The National Drug Treatment Centre (NDTC) cervical screening programme, derived from the national CervicalCheck programme, offers free cervical screening to patients attending for treatment of SUDs.

Peripheral Blood Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Can Be Improved by a Combination of Coenzyme Q10 and Carnitine.

Structural mitochondrial abnormalities and genetic aberrations in mitochondrial proteins have been known in Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), yet there is currently little data regarding MDS's metabolic properties and energy production cells. In the current study, we used state-of-the-art methods to assess OXPHOS in peripheral blood cells obtained from MDS patients and healthy controls. We then assessed the effect of food supplements-Coenzyme Q10 and carnitine on mitochondrial function and hematological response.

infection with frequent viral coinfection contributes to postinfectious hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants.

Postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH), which often follows neonatal sepsis, is the most common cause of pediatric hydrocephalus worldwide, yet the microbial pathogens underlying this disease remain to be elucidated. Characterization of the microbial agents causing PIH would enable a shift from surgical palliation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation to prevention of the disease. Here, we examined blood and CSF samples collected from 100 consecutive infant cases of PIH and control cases comprising infants with non-postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda.

Psychedelic science in post-COVID-19 psychiatry.

The medium- to long-term consequences of COVID-19 are not yet known, though an increase in mental health problems are predicted. Multidisciplinary strategies across socio-economic and psychological levels may be needed to mitigate the mental health burden of COVID-19. Preliminary evidence from the rapidly progressing field of psychedelic science shows that psilocybin therapy offers a promising transdiagnostic treatment strategy for a range of disorders with restricted and maladaptive habitual patterns of cognition and behaviour, notably depression, addiction and obsessive compulsive disorder.

Quantifying spatio-temporal variation of invasion spread.

- The spread of invasive species can have far-reaching environmental and ecological consequences. Understanding invasion spread patterns and the underlying process driving invasions are key to predicting and managing invasions. - We combine a set of statistical methods in a novel way to characterize local spread properties and demonstrate their application using simulated and historical data on invasive insects.

Acute steroid myopathy: a highly overlooked entity.

Background: Myopathy in patients being treated with corticosteroids is known primarily among chronically treated patients or in critically ill and mechanically ventilated patients receiving corticosteroids, often in high doses.

Aim: To highlight the entity of acute, early onset corticosteroid-treatment-associated myopathy and its characteristics.

Design And Methods: Reporting our experience with four patients and reviewing all published reports of myopathy developing ≤14 days of initiating corticosteroid-treatment.

An ensemble approach to predicting the impact of vaccination on rotavirus disease in Niger.

Recently developed vaccines provide a new way of controlling rotavirus in sub-Saharan Africa. Models for the transmission dynamics of rotavirus are critical both for estimating current burden from imperfect surveillance and for assessing potential effects of vaccine intervention strategies. We examine rotavirus infection in the Maradi area in southern Niger using hospital surveillance data provided by Epicentre collected over two years.

[THE ROLE OF THE PLANT ARTEMISIA IN SURVIVAL AND INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS OF B CELLS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL)].

Background: The cytotoxic effect of plants such as green tea and turmeric (curcumin) on B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells has been established. The plant Artemisia has been used in China for anti-cancer and anti-malaria applications. In Israel, Artemisia absinthium ("the Chiba") is used to release abdominal pain.