Development of the Norwegian diet index and the Norwegian lifestyle index and evaluation in a national survey.

Background: Dietary and lifestyle indices are composite tools that are used to estimate risk of health outcomes.

Objective: We aimed to develop a diet and a lifestyle index assessing adherence to the national guidelines in Norway, and to investigate adherence in a nationwide survey of healthy subjects (Norkost3).

Design: Cut-off values for the indices were based on the Norwegian food based dietary guidelines and national lifestyle guidelines.

Non-progressive breast carcinomas detected at mammography screening: a population study.

Background: Some breast carcinomas detected at screening, especially ductal carcinoma in situ, may have limited potential for progression to symptomatic disease. To determine non-progression is a challenge, but if all screening-detected breast tumors eventually reach a clinical stage, the cumulative incidence at a reasonably high age would be similar for women with or without screening, conditional on the women being alive.

Methods: Using high-quality population data with 24 years of follow-up from the gradually introduced BreastScreen Norway program, we studied whether all breast carcinomas detected at mammography screening 50-69 years of age would progress to clinical symptoms within 85 years of age.

Risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients with Type D personality.

Introduction: Data on the association between Type D personality, its traits negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary outpatients is sparse. Furthermore, the associations between Type D subgroups and cardiovascular risk factors are largely unknown.

Methods: We investigated i) Type D personality, NA and SI and risk of recurrent MACE, and ii) the relationship between Type D subgroups and risk factors in a coronary population.

Fat infiltration in the thigh muscles is associated with symptomatic spinal stenosis and reduced physical functioning in adults with achondroplasia.

Background: Symptomatic spinal stenosis is a prevalent complication in adults with achondroplasia. Increased muscle fat infiltration (MFI) and reduced thigh muscle volumes have also been reported, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. We explored whether the increased MFI and reduced thigh muscle volumes were associated with the presence of symptomatic spinal stenosis and physical functioning.

Environmental Transformations Enhancing Dignity in an Acute Psychiatric Ward: Outcome of a User-Driven Service Design Project.

Objectives: The goal of the current project was to enhance the feeling of dignity for patients in the seclusion unit in an acute psychiatric ward through environmental design changes and to evaluate the effect of the refurbishment.

Background: Treating people with dignity is essential in all health-related work and important for our mental health. Hospital architecture and design signal values that can promote dignity.

Interpreting Breast Cancer Mortality Trends Related to Introduction of Mammography Screening: A Simulation Study.

Unlabelled: Several studies have evaluated the effect of mammography screening on breast cancer mortality based on overall breast cancer mortality trends, with varied conclusions. The statistical power of such trend analyses is, however, not carefully studied. We estimated how the effect of screening on overall breast cancer mortality is likely to unfold.

Insomnia as a predictor of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.

Study Objectives: Insomnia is highly prevalent in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the potential effect of insomnia on the risk of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remains uncertain.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 1082 consecutive patients 2-36 (mean 16) months after myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization.

Obstructive sleep apnea in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: a population-based study.

Background: Previous studies have found a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with achondroplasia, but clinical studies on this complication in adults with achondroplasia are lacking.

Objectives: This population-based, cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, severity, and predictive factors of OSA in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia.

Methods: We collected clinical data on 49 participants.

Correction to: High prevalence of symptomatic spinal stenosis in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: a population-based study.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in adults with achondroplasia.

Purpose: An increased cardiovascular mortality has been reported in achondroplasia. This population-based, case-control study investigated cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia.

Methods: We conducted anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory assessments in 49 participants with achondroplasia, of whom 40 completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for body composition analysis.

Estimating the natural progression of non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer lesions using screening data.

Objectives: In addition to invasive breast cancer, mammography screening often detects preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. The natural progression of DCIS is largely unknown, leading to uncertainty regarding treatment. The natural history of invasive breast cancer has been studied using screening data.

The cultivable microbiota of the human distal ileum.

Objectives: The existing literature on the microbiota of the ileum is inconsistent. To further characterize the microbiota, we analysed samples obtained directly from resected ileums used for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy.

Methods: We included 150 patients with bladder cancer operated on from March 2016 to March 2019.

Modeling the natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ based on population data.

Background: The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased substantially since the introduction of mammography screening. Nevertheless, little is known about the natural history of preclinical DCIS in the absence of biopsy or complete excision.

Methods: Two well-established population models evaluated six possible DCIS natural history submodels.

High prevalence of symptomatic spinal stenosis in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: a population-based study.

Background: Symptomatic spinal stenosis (SSS) is a well-known medical complication in achondroplasia. The reported prevalence of SSS is 10 to 30%, an estimate based on small studies or selected populations. No population-based studies exist currently.

Reproducibility of semiautomated body composition segmentation of abdominal computed tomography: a multiobserver study.

Background: Segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images provides quantitative data on body tissue composition, which may greatly impact the development and progression of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver variation of semiautomated segmentation, to assess whether multiple observers may interchangeably perform this task.

Methods: Anonymised, unenhanced, single mid-abdominal CT images were acquired from 132 subjects from two previous studies.

Corrigendum to "Association between antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae and burden of environmental bacteria in hospital acquired infections: analysis of clinical studies and national reports" [Heliyon 5 (7) (July 2019) e02054].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Association between antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae and burden of environmental bacteria in hospital acquired infections: analysis of clinical studies and national reports.

Background: WHO has named three groups of gram-negative bacteria "our critical antimicrobial resistance-related problems globally". It is thus a priority to unveil any important covariation of variables behind this three-headed epidemic, which has gained alarming proportions in Low Income Countries, and spreads rapidly. Environmental bacteria including Acinetobacter spp.

Image quality and radiation dose in planar imaging - Image quality figure of merits from the CDRAD phantom.

Purpose: A contrast-detail phantom such as CDRAD is frequently used for quality assurance, optimization of image quality, and several other purposes. However, it is often used without considering the uncertainty of the results. The aim of this study was to assess two figure of merits (FOM) originating from CDRAD regarding the variations of the FOMs by dose utilized to create the x-ray image.

Common Model Inputs Used in CISNET Collaborative Breast Cancer Modeling.

Background: Since their inception in 2000, the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Network (CISNET) breast cancer models have collaborated to use a nationally representative core of common input parameters to represent key components of breast cancer control in each model. Employment of common inputs permits greater ability to compare model output than when each model begins with different input parameters. The use of common inputs also enhances inferences about the results, and provides a range of reasonable results based on variations in model structure, assumptions, and methods of use of the input values.

Modeling Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): An Overview of CISNET Model Approaches.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be a precursor to invasive breast cancer. Since the advent of screening mammography in the 1980's, the incidence of DCIS has increased dramatically. The value of screen detection and treatment of DCIS, however, is a matter of controversy, as it is unclear the extent to which detection and treatment of DCIS prevents invasive disease and reduces breast cancer mortality.

The Effect of Pregnancy on the Long-term Risk of Graft Loss, Cardiovascular Disease, and Death in Kidney Transplanted Women in Norway: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Kidney transplant recipients have now conceived for almost 50 years. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated long-term health outcomes for kidney transplanted women after pregnancies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all Norwegian women receiving a kidney transplant before the age of 50 years between 1969 and 2013, with graft loss, cardiovascular disease, and death as outcomes.

Intermittent mild negative pressure applied to the lower limb in patients with spinal cord injury and chronic lower limb ulcers: a crossover pilot study.

Study Design: Randomized, assessor-blinded crossover pilot study.

Objectives: To explore the use of an intermittent negative pressure (INP) device for home use in addition to standard wound care (SWC) for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic leg and foot ulcers before conducting a superiority trial.

Setting: Patient homes and outpatient clinic.

Evaluating different breast tumor progression models using screening data.

Background: Mammography screening is used to detect breast cancer at an early treatable stage, reducing breast cancer mortality. Traditionally, breast cancer has been seen as a disease with only progressive lesions, and here we examine the validity of this assumption by testing if incidence levels after introducing mammography screening can be reproduced assuming only progressive tumors.

Methods: Breast cancer incidence data 1990-2009 obtained from the initially screened Norwegian counties (Akershus, Oslo, Rogaland and Hordaland) was included, covering the time-period before, during and after the introduction of mammography screening.