Background: Children's screen time has substantially increased worldwide, including in Bangladesh, especially since the pandemic, which is raising concern about its potential adverse effects on their physical, mental, and social health. Parental supervision may play a crucial role in mitigating these negative impacts. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence assessing the relationship between parental screen time supervision and health outcomes among school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe evolutionary paths taken by each sex within a given species sometimes diverge, resulting in behavioral differences. Given their distinct needs, the mechanism by which each sex learns from a shared experience is still an open question. Here, we reveal sexual dimorphism in learning: C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) is the most widely used mammalian model organism in biomedical and life science research. This concise guide aims to provide essential information to assist researchers new to working with mice, covering topics such as mouse husbandry, maintenance, and available resources for obtaining mouse strains and associated data. Additionally, we discuss ethical considerations, emphasizing the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to ensure responsible and humane research practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Protein requirements established for healthy populations may be insufficient to support healthy growth in infants consuming largely cereal-based complementary foods and frequently exposed to enteric pathogens.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess independent and combined effects of protein supplementation and antibiotic treatment on linear growth of infants aged 6-12 mo.
Methods: We conducted a 2 × 4 factorial cluster-randomized trial in northwestern Bangladesh, allocating 566 clusters to masked azithromycin (10 mg/kg × 3 d) or placebo at 6 and 9 mo of age and unmasked delivery of an egg white protein-rich blended food supplement (250 kcal; 10 g added protein), a rice-based isocaloric supplement, egg, or nutrition education from 6 to 12 mo.
Malnutrition affects over 30 million children annually and has profound immediate and enduring repercussions. Survivors often suffer lasting neurocognitive consequences that impact academic performance and socioeconomic outcomes. Mechanistic understanding of the emergence of these consequences is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Optimising the micronutrient status of women before and during reproduction confers benefits to them and their offspring. Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS), given as a daily tablet with nutrients at ~1 recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) reduces adverse birth outcomes. However, at this dosage, MMS may not fully address micronutrient deficiencies in settings with chronically inadequate diets and infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Over a third of children globally do not meet their developmental potential, and children living in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are most vulnerable. Understanding the contextual factors that influence cognitive development for children in LMICs is crucial to inform and develop interventions. We sought to characterize developmental trajectories of cognition in Bangladeshi children and identify salient social determinants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArchaea produce various protein filaments with specialised functions. While some archaea produce only one type of filament, the archaeal model species Sulfolobus acidocaldarius generates four. These include rotary swimming propellers analogous to bacterial flagella (archaella), pili for twitching motility (Aap), adhesive fibres (threads), and filaments facilitating homologous recombination upon UV stress (UV pili).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The nutrition transition underway in South Asia is likely mediated by changes to the food environment. Yet, few studies have been conducted in rural areas of South Asia to describe how the food environment has changed.
Objective: This analysis assessed changes in household availability of and proximity to markets, grocery shops, and tea shops over a 16-year time period in Gaibandha, Bangladesh.
Objectives: Antibiotic use is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); however, few studies have examined the rates of use in a population. The use of antibiotics for liveborn infants in LMIC was examined.
Design: The study, a planned prospective, observational secondary analysis of the A-PLUS randomised controlled trial of azithromycin, was conducted in Global Network sites in seven countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, India (two sites), Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Guatemala.
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dementia, chronic pain and self-care limitations. Additionally, the study sought to explore the relationship of co-occurring dementia and chronic pain with self-care limitations.
Methods: Cross-sectional data derived from the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC) was used to conduct this study.
Background: The distributional effects of cognitive impairment on inequalities in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are not well studied. This relationship has not been studied in any Australian health inequality literature. Therefore, this study aims to examine how cognitive impairment affects the distribution of HRQoL across various socio-economic classes amongst older Australians.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, advances in nanotechnology have significantly influenced electronics manufacturing, industrial processes, and medical research. Various industries have seen a surge in the use of nanomaterials. However, several researchers have raised the alarm about the toxicological nature of nanomaterials, which appear to be quite different from their crude forms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Next generation sequencing (NGS) testing is used to identify driver mutation(s) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are amenable to targeted therapy, resulting in superior outcomes and improved tolerability. We characterized how clinicians in a large integrated healthcare system utilized NGS testing to inform first line treatment decisions in patients with stage IV NSCLC shortly after diagnosis.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 964 patients within an integrated healthcare system, Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), who were diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC and completed NGS testing (Strata Oncology) between May 2019 to June 2021.
Auditory statistical learning, or the ability to detect statistical regularities in continuously presented stimuli, is thought to be one element that underlies language acquisition. Prior studies have uncovered behavioral and neural correlates of statistical learning, yet additional work is needed from low- and middle-income countries to explore whether statistical learning varies across cultures or underlies associations often found between socioeconomic status (SES) and language outcomes. In the present study, we explored the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore auditory statistical learning in Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income country.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Menopausal hormone therapy's influence on ovarian and endometrial cancers remains unsettled. Therefore, we assessed the long-term influence of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and CEE-alone on ovarian and endometrial cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Materials And Methods: Postmenopausal women, age 50-79 years, were entered on two randomized clinical trials evaluating different menopausal hormone therapy regimens.
Objective: To describe the intrapartum and postpartum use of non-study antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) during the double-blinded NICHD Global Network Azithromycin in Labor (A-PLUS) trial.
Design: The antibiotic use sub-study was a planned prospective, observational sub-study of the A-PLUS trial.
Settings: The study was carried out in hospitals or health centres affiliated with eight sites of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research (Global Network) in seven countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, India (two sites), Kenya, Zambia, The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Guatemala.
Objectives: Chronic pain is a highly debilitating condition that affects older adults and has the potential to increase their odds of experiencing cognitive impairment. The primary objective of this study was to examine the correlation between chronic pain and dementia. Additionally, this research endeavors to ascertain whether the association between chronic pain and dementia differs by age and gender.
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