Technological transformation and changing social relations in the ring seine fishery of Kerala, India.

Across the Global South, commercial development and technological innovations are transforming fish food systems in ways that significantly impact the livelihoods of small-scale producers and the food security of the poor. A crucial but understudied aspect of such transformations is the social relations in which fish food systems are embedded. Food system transformations change power relations and rework gendered economic roles and divisions of labour in ways that often marginalise women and other vulnerable groups.

How Seafood Wholesale Markets Matter for Urban Food Security: Evidence from Chennai, India.

Urban sites gather poverty in particular locations and often require bulk food system approaches for addressing prevalent food security and nutrition needs. The food systems that service them are, however, characterized by perishability and large irregularities in supply. Seafood is currently recognized as contributing in a major way to food security and nutrition, and it is to assessing the role of wholesale markets in meeting the needs of the urban poor that this paper is directed.

Evaluation of a rapid IgM detection test for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in dogs.

Recently, a lateral flow assay (LFA) for detection of -specific IgM in canine sera became commercially available in Europe. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of this assay using canine sera from a collection of diagnostic accessions. Diagnostic sensitivity was assessed by testing 37 acute-phase and 9 corresponding convalescent-phase sera from dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis.

[Effect of drinking water on animal health: toxicologic health risks].

To avoid health risks in farm animals it is necessary to limit the intake of unwanted chemical compounds via air, feed or drinking water. The basis for this procedure are experimental results of Veterinary Toxicology, after which acceptable daily intakes can be estimated. A health risk is not present, if those limits are not exceeded.

Studies on laticiferous plants: toxic effects in goats of Calotropis procera latex given by different routes of administration.

The effects on goats of Calotropis procera latex given by different routes of administration were investigated. The administration of latex at 1 ml/Kg body weight via the oral route or at 0.005 ml/Kg body weight/day via the intravenous or intraperitoneal route caused death of the goats between 20 minutes and 4 days.

Pharmacokinetic study of dipyrone metabolite 4-MAA in the horse and possible implications for doping control.

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of dipyrone metabolite 4-MAA in serum was determined in seven horses of different breeds after a single intravenous dose administration. A biexponential formula was fitted to the serum concentration vs. time data.

[Kinetics of elimination of diazepam after intravenous injection in horses].

Diazepam is used in veterinary medicine as sedative and pre-anaesthetic agent. This publication describes the plasma-concentration time curve for diazepam and its metabolite in horses suffering from colic after intravenous application as pre-anaesthetic agent. Elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) after a dose of 0.

[Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in the racing horse: a review of the literature].

This review compromises data about endogenous cortisol and its physiological variations in horses. The influence of synthetic glucocorticoids on the endogenous cortisol concentrations is discussed as well. The second part of the review summarizes detection times of therapeutically used glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, betamethasone, triamcinolone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone) in the horse and their implication for doping control.

[The modification of the effects of calcium on the heart using beta-adrenergic blockers].

To reduce unwanted effects of calcium upon the heart, in particular in cows during the treatment of hypocalcaemia, experiments were carried out in isolated hearts of guinea pigs and in conscious rabbits, to show whether beta-adrenergic blocking agents are able to antagonize these effects. It was found that calcium effects in the second phase which is characterized by a tachycardia, are antagonized by carazolol, which was used for these experiments.

Deposition kinetics, metabolism and urinary excretion of sulfathiazole following oral administration in sheep.

Deposition kinetics, metabolism and urinary excretion of sulfathiazole were investigated in German black head sheep following single oral administration (100 mg/kg). Kinetic evaluation of plasma levels was performed using a two-compartment best fit model. Sulfathiazole is significantly metabolized to N4-acetyl metabolite in the rumen fluid.

[Pharmacological effects of hordenine].

Hordenine is an ingredient of some plants which are used as feed for animals, i.e. in sprouting barley.

In vitro metabolism of sulfathiazole in rumen fluid and its metabolism and disposition kinetics following intraruminal administration in sheep.

The antimicrobial agents may undergo a change in the complex stomach particularly in the rumen as a result of microbial fermentation in ruminants. Present investigation deals with the influence of ruminal fluid probably the role of ruminal microorganisms on the degradation of sulfathiazole in vitro and its metabolism and disposition following its single intraruminal administration (100 mg/kg) in adult german black head sheep. Sulfathiazole is metabolized to N4-acetyl sulfathiazole in the rumen fluid after its in vitro incubation at different concentrations (10-60 micrograms/ml) for varying time intervals (1-6 h) at a temperature of 38 +/- 0.

The effect of praziquantel on the activities of some drug-metabolizing hepatic enzymes in rabbits.

The effect of oral administration of praziquantel at different dose levels on the activities of metabolizing hepatic enzymes (aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase) was studied in healthy locally bred rabbits. The pathological changes resulting from drug's toxicity were assessed histologically, by measurement of total plasma protein concentration and of the activities of the plasma enzymes sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). No significant changes were obtained after praziquantel administration at dose levels of 40 and 800 mg/kg body weight, whereas 1600 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of praziquantel resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of the three drug-metabolizing hepatic enzymes under investigation in the livers of treated rabbits.

Comparative toxicity of Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas in Brown Hisex chicks.

Symptoms, lesions and changes in growth, haematology and clinical chemistry were investigated in Brown Hisex chicks fed diets containing 0.5% Jatropha curcas seed or 0.5% Ricinus communis seed.

[Decrease of the lead burden of cattle within the last 20 years].

After introduction of many measures in technical and hygienic fields, emission of lead was remarkably reduced within the last years. Whether these measures were followed by a real decrease of the actual lead burden of man and animals may be recognized by controlling the lead content of food. Further it was possible to quantify a biological effect as an indicator of lead burden by the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells of cows in the Hannover area and to compare actual results with those obtained twenty years ago in the same region using identical methods.

[Doping problems in horse sports--pharmacokinetics of selected antiphlogistics/analgesics relevant to doping].

Drug treatment of horses which are used in horse-racing is restricted by the regulations of the anti-doping control. Veterinarians and anti-doping control commissions are faced with the problems resulting from the discrepancy between the demand "no drugs in blood/urine of horses at the time of competition" and the need for treatment. The pharmacokinetic data of important antiphlogistics/analgetics (NSAID) for horses given in this article shall facilitate the decision of the veterinarians and commissions whether a horse having been treated with NSAID may participate in a competition or not.

[Veterinary public health--neglected education].

The international term Veterinary Public Health (VPH) can not be translated into other languages. It covers all measures for safeguarding of animal health including animal welfare and food producing efficiency and finally the protection of human health. Actual changes of the structure of animal producing systems and the easy movements of animals from one place to another, the use of chemical compounds with pharmacological effects (like veterinary drugs and growth promotors) and the occurrence of environmental pollutants require new chief stress for veterinary service in particular for farm animals.

[Delayed effects of calcium].

Some extracardial effects of a calcium chloride solution were analysed for a period of one week after infusion in cattle, sheep and rabbits. Effects upon the heart occur during the infusion or immediately after it (peracute calcium toxicity) and are related to a hypercalcaemia. They consist in disturbances of some metabolic processes, in particular of the skeletal musculature (myopathia).

By toxic effects of the dried leaves and stem of Capparis tomentosa on Nubian goats.

Nubian goats were given single or repeated dosages of 5, 2.5 and 0.25 g/kg of dried leaves or stem of C.

[A hundred years of the Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift].

Some reports of veterinary societies were issued in the second half of the 19th century in Germany. Dr. med LYDTIN in Karlsruhe (Baden) tried to unify two local reports to found a new journal with a widespread distribution.

Response of brown hisex chicks to low levels of Jatropha curcas, Ricinus communis or their mixture.

Feeding Jatropha curcas seed at 0.5% of the basic diet for 2 w was not lethal to chicks. In chicks fed 0.

[Veterinary medicine and environmental hygiene--20 years of seminars on environmental hygiene].

The changes of the environment after industrialization since 1965 influenced some political decisions concerning a critical evaluation of such development which may injure the environment. The School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover discussed in that time how the problems could be met by establishing a postgraduate stadium of environmental sciences. These ideas were realized, starting with seminars in the first year for one week, later for one or two days periods (Table).

The effects of fascioliasis on the activities of some drug-metabolizing enzymes in desert sheep liver.

Desert sheep experimentally or naturally infected with Fasciola gigantica were used to study the influence of infection on the activities of some drug-metabolizing enzymes found in the liver. The enzymes investigated were aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase. The experimental infection was confirmed histologically by detection of Fasciola eggs in faeces and by measuring the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma during the course of the disease.

[Effects of dopamine on the coronary vessels of swine].

The pharmacological responses of dopamine, a catecholamine which is used as a circulatory active drug in shock treatment, were investigated in isolated coronary arteries of pigs from the slaughter house. The effects are compared with those obtained after application of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the same in vitro system. The aim of the experiments was to discover whether the three catecholamines have an effect on the same adrenergic receptors and to characterize the specific effect of dopamine.

Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) in camels, sheep and goats.

The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine were studied in male camels, sheep and goats. The two drugs were administered concomitantly. Following intravenous injection of antipyrine (25 mg/kg) and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) (100 mg/kg), the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs were adequately described by a one-compartment model.