Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Modulates Cognitive Theory of Mind in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to infer others' mental state, is essential for social interaction among human beings. It has been widely reported that both cognitive (inference of knowledge) and affective (inference of emotion) components of ToM are disrupted in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies usually focused on the involvement of the prefrontal cortex.

Inferior parietal cortex represents relational structures for explicit transitive inference.

The human brain is distinguished by its ability to perform explicit logical reasoning like transitive inference. This study investigated the functional role of the inferior parietal cortex in transitive inference with functional MRI. Participants viewed premises describing abstract relations among items.

Cognitive Impairment in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a significant cause of the severe cognitive decline in the elderly population. There is no cure for iNPH, but cognitive symptoms can be partially alleviated through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. In the early stages of iNPH, cognitive deficits occur primarily in the executive functions and working memory supported by frontostriatal circuits.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of medicinal fern (Polypodiaceae).

The complete chloroplast genome of has been determined. It is a double stranded circular DNA of 152,551 bp length, containing two inverted repeat (IR, 24,643 bp each) regions, separated by large single-copy (LSC, 81,506 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 21,759 bp) regions, respectively. The genome contains 131 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes.