Reconstruction of multilayered and functional smooth muscle tissues remains a challenge nowadays. Cryogels possess great advantages in three-dimensional tissue regeneration owing to the interconnected macroporous structure, but their applications have been hindered because of limited mechanical properties. Inspired by the natural extracellular matrix, cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibers (NFs) were incorporated to chitosan/silk fibroin (CS/SF) cryogel scaffolds to address this problem in this work.
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