Analysis of soil microbial community structure changes in the drainage field of the Shengli coalfield based on high-throughput sequencing.

Background: The study of soil environment in drainage fields is important for environmental management and ecological restoration, and there is currently a knowledge gap in understanding the impact of soil microbial communities in the Shengli coalfield drainage fields and the corresponding ecological effects. To investigate the changes in rhizosphere soil microbial communities of different dominant plants after years of restoration, this study examines the improvement effects of different dominant plants on the soil environment.

Results: This study is based on high-throughput sequencing to restore the slope of coal mine spoil after 15 years as the sampling site.

HCN2 deficiency correlates with memory deficits and hyperexcitability of dCA1 pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Abnormal excitability of hippocampal neurons may lead to dysfunction of neural circuits and then causes cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Electrophysiology was performed to examine the intrinsic excitability of CA1 neurons and the activity of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCNs) of CA1 neurons in wild type (WT) and hAPP-J20 mice.

Light Treatment Ameliorates Sub-chronic MK-801-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Mice Through Up-regulating BDNF/p-CREB/p-ERK Signaling Pathway.

Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) is considered a core symptom of the illness, yet effective treatments remain limited. Light plays an important role in regulating cognitive functions. However, the potential of light treatment (LT) to improve CIAS remains unknown.

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of orbitofrontal cortex in rat model of methamphetamine-induced sensitization.

The behavioral sensitization, characterized by escalated behavioral responses triggered by recurrent exposure to psychostimulants, involves neurobiological mechanisms that are brain-region and cell-type specific. Enduring neuroadaptive changes have been observed in response to methamphetamine (METH) within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the cell-type specific transcriptional alterations in response to METH sensitization remain understudied. In this study, we utilized Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to profile the gene expression changes in the OFC of a rat METH sensitization model.

N-Isopropylbenzylamine-induced conditioned place preference, sensitization behaviour and self-administration in rodents.

N-Isopropylbenzylamine (N-ipb), a chain isomer of methamphetamine (METH) with similar physical properties, has been used as a substitute for METH in seized drug samples. However, the abuse potential of N-ipb remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the abuse potential of N-ipb in comparison to METH, by using conditioned place preference (CPP), locomotor sensitization and intravenous self-administration tests.

D-serine reconstitutes synaptic and intrinsic inhibitory control of pyramidal neurons in a neurodevelopmental mouse model for schizophrenia.

The hypothesis of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia constitutes the theoretical basis for the translational application of NMDAR co-agonist D-serine or its analogs. However, the cellular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of D-serine remains unclear. In this study, we utilize a mouse neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia that mimics prenatal pathogenesis and exhibits hypoexcitability of parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons, as well as PV-preferential NMDAR dysfunction.

Seed priming with rutin enhances tomato resistance against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

Flavonoids are ubiquitously distributed in plants, showing pleiotropic effects in defense against abiotic and biotic stresses. Although it has been shown that seed priming with flavonoids can enhance plant resistance to abiotic stress, little is known about its potential to enhance plant tolerance to biotic stresses, especially for herbivorous insects. Here, we investigated whether treatment of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds with rutin improves plant resistance against the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

The effects of serotonergic psychedelics in synaptic and intrinsic properties of neurons in layer II/III of the orbitofrontal cortex.

Rationale: Serotonergic psychedelics show promise in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dysfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFc) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of compulsive behavior, which might be a key region for the efficacy of psychedelics. However, the effects of psychedelics on the neural activities and local excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the OFc are unclear.

TRPV1 is a risk factor for sleep disturbance in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a case control study.

Background/aims: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic high-morbidity disease with a bidirectional relationship with sleep disturbance (SD) that may occur the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor (TRPV1) in the oesophageal mucosa. Yet the related mechanism was still unclear, the aim of this study is to investigate whether TRPV1 is associated with the presence of SD in GORD patients.

Methods: A case-control study was performed.

Benzodiazepine-Receptor Agonist Utilization in Outpatients with Anxiety Disorder: A Retrospective Study Based on Electronic Healthcare Data from a Large General Tertiary Hospital.

Benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BZRAs), including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and drugs related to BZDs (Z-drugs), are commonly used for anxiety, but often have side effects. We retrospectively investigated the utilization and prescription characteristics of BZRAs for patients with anxiety disorders in a large tertiary care general hospital between 2018 and 2021, based on electronic healthcare records. We also examined the pattern of simultaneous consumption of multiple BZRA drugs, and the diseases coexisting with anxiety that are associated with this.

The high frequency oscillation in orbitofrontal cortex is susceptible to phenethylamine psychedelic 25C-NBOMe in male rats.

Serotoninergic psychedelics induced extensive alterations in perception and cognition, which has been attributable to its disruptive effect on oscillatory rhythms of prefrontal cortex. However, there is a lack of information how serotoninergic psychedelics affect the intra-prefrontal network, which intrinsically interact to accomplish perceptual processing. Uncovering the altered neural network caused by psychedelics helps to understand the mechanisms of their psychoactive effects and contribute to develop biological markers of psychedelic effects.

Assessment of abuse potential of carfentanil.

Carfentanil, as a fentanyl analogue, is a potent synthetic opioid. It has been controlled in many countries, and its emergence has been highlighted by many recent reports. However, although discriminative stimulus effects of carfentanil in rats had been reported, its abuse potential has not been fully evaluated.

N-isopropylbenzylamine, a methamphetamine mimics, produces toxicity via increasing nitric oxide in vitro.

N-isopropylbenzylamine, an isomer of methamphetamine, has been used to adulterate methamphetamine, and distributed as fake "Ice" methamphetamine by illicit manufacturers, leading to a world problem of N-isopropylbenzylamine exposure. Though it is unclear whether N-isopropylbenzylamine has addictive potential like methamphetamine, N-isopropylbenzylamine users reported side effects such as headaches and confusion. However, the pharmacological targets and cytotoxicity of this chemical remained unknown.

Chronic multiple mild stress induces sustained adverse psychological states in rats.

Adverse psychological states are stimulated by multiple types of environmental factors in human being. However, only few animal models of adverse psychological states were established by applying multiple types of stressors to mimic real conditions. A multisensory stress simulation device was designed to apply a combination of stressors to animals.

IRAS/Nischarin modulates morphine reward by glutamate receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens of mouse brain.

The I imidazoline receptor and its candidate protein imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS)/Nischarin are linked to μ opioid receptor (MOR) functions associated with MOR trafficking. We previously demonstrated that IRAS may play an important role in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in vivo. However, the effects of IRAS on morphine psychological dependence are not fully understood.

N-Ethylnorketamine has anesthetic and analgesic effects with abuse liability.

Arylcyclohexylamines is an ever-growing class of new psychoactive substances, including an increasing number of ketamine analogs. N-Ethylnorketamine (NENK) is a new synthetic ketamine analog that has emerged as an abused drug, but little is known about the pharmacological profile of NENK. In this study, we investigated the anesthetic and analgesic activity, abuse liability of NENK compared with ketamine.

2-Fluorodeschloroketamine has similar abuse potential as ketamine.

2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) as a substitute for ketamine has emerged among drug abusers in recent years. However, 2-FDCK has not been controlled or regulated in many countries, which may be partly related to the lack of evidence on its abuse potential. In this study, we evaluated the abuse potential of 2-FDCK via the tests of the conditioned place preference (CPP), locomotor sensitization, drug self-administration and drug discrimination using ketamine as a reference.

Deficits in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Function and Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal CA1 in APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a critical molecule for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Impaired synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neuropathophysiological alterations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 in transgenic rodent models of AD are still unclear.

Reduced Synaptic Transmission and Intrinsic Excitability of a Subtype of Pyramidal Neurons in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Abnormal morphology and function of neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with cognitive deficits in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly in cortical layer-5 pyramidal neurons that integrate inputs from different sources and project outputs to cortical or subcortical structures. Pyramidal neurons in layer-5 of the PFC can be classified as two subtypes depending on the inducibility of prominent hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (h-current). However, the differences in the neurophysiological alterations between these two subtypes in rodent models of AD remain poorly understood.

Reinforcing and discriminative-stimulus effects of two pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives in rats.

The molecular and behavioral aspects of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) have been characterized; however, how the structural modification of α-PVP affects its abuse potential is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the abuse potential of two pyrrolidinylated second-generation cathinones:4-chloro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (4cl-α-PVP) and 4-chloro-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4cl-α-PPP). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer methamphetamine (METH, 0.

Restoring glutamate homeostasis in the nucleus accumbens via endocannabinoid-mimetic drug prevents relapse to cocaine seeking behavior in rats.

Impaired glutamate homeostasis is a key characteristic of the neurobiology of drug addiction in rodent models and contributes to the vulnerability to relapse to drug seeking. Although disrupted astrocytic and presynaptic regulation of glutamate release has been considered to constitute with impaired glutamate homeostasis in rodent model of drug relapse, the involvement of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in this neurobiological process has remained largely unknown. Here, using cocaine self-administration in rats, we investigated the role of endocannabinoids in impaired glutamate homeostasis in the core of nucleus accumbens (NAcore), which was indicated by augmentation of spontaneous synaptic glutamate release, downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3), and mGluR5-mediated astrocytic glutamate release.

Diminished excitatory synaptic transmission correlates with impaired spatial working memory in neurodevelopmental rodent models of schizophrenia.

Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are associated with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. In particular, deficits of working memory, are consistently observed in schizophrenia, reflecting prefrontal cortex (PFc) dysfunction. To elucidate the mechanism of such deficits in working memory, the pathophysiological properties of PFc neurons and synaptic transmission have been studied in several developmental models of schizophrenia.

Ablating Adult Neural Stem Cells Improves Synaptic and Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer Models.

Adult neurogenesis is impaired in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as AD models. However, it is far from clear how modulating adult neurogenesis affects AD neuropathology. We confirm that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in two AD models.