EVD Surgical Guidance with Retro-Reflective Tool Tracking and Spatial Reconstruction using Head-Mounted Augmented Reality Device.

Augmented Reality (AR) has been proven beneficial to External Ventricular Drain (EVD) surgery by providing in-situ visual guidance during operations. During this procedure, the key challenge is estimating the spatial relationship between pre-operative images and actual patient anatomy accurately and efficiently. Previous works have revealed conflicts between tracking accuracy, workflow efficiency, and non-invasiveness in tracking pipelines.

Weekend effect on in-hospital outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement: insights from a propensity-matched national analysis.

Background: The "weekend effect" on hospital admissions has been extensively studied, showing increased risks for patients admitted on weekends than those admitted on weekdays. We aimed to assess the "weekend effect" on in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: A nationwide cohort study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample Database.

Automated Volumetric Milling Area Planning for Acoustic Neuroma Surgery via Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization.

Mastoidectomy is critical in acoustic neuroma surgery, where precise planning of the bone milling area is essential for surgical navigation. The complexity of representing the irregular volumetric area and the presence of high-risk structures (e.g.

Interaction-Enhanced Superradiance of a Rydberg-Atom Array.

We study the superradiant phase transition of an array of Rydberg atoms in a dissipative microwave cavity. Under the interplay of the cavity field and the long-range Rydberg interaction, the steady state of the system exhibits an interaction-enhanced superradiance, with vanishing critical atom-cavity coupling rates at a discrete set of interaction strengths. We find that, while the phenomenon can be analytically understood in the case of a constant all-to-all interaction, the enhanced superradiance persists under typical experimental parameters with spatially dependent interactions, but at modified critical interaction strengths.

Smoking cessation and mortality risk reduction in older adults with long-term smoking history.

Background: The association between smoking cessation and decreased mortality existed among former smokers has been well documented. However, evidence is limited for smokers with long-term exposure. This study aims to quantify the association between smoking cessation and mortality by years since quitting in older adults with long-term smoking history.

Mechanism insight into the conversion between COS and thiophene during CO gasification of carbon-based fuels.

Thiophene is the organic sulfur with good thermal stability in carbon-based fuel, clarifying the conversion mechanism between thiophene and COS is beneficial for achieving in-situ sulfur fixation during CO gasification of carbon-based fuels, but the mechanism has rarely been reported. Therefore, calculations based on density functional theory were performed and 16 reaction paths were proposed in this research, clarifying the decomposition mechanism of thiophene and re-fixation mechanism of COS. The attachment of CO will lead to the destruction of the thiophene ring and the generation of COS, and CO adsorption is the rate-determined step, while the carbon atom that adjacent sulfur atom is the reaction active site.

Navigate biopsy with ultrasound under augmented reality device: Towards higher system performance.

Purpose: Biopsies play a crucial role in determining the classification and staging of tumors. Ultrasound is frequently used in this procedure to provide real-time anatomical information. Using augmented reality (AR), surgeons can visualize ultrasound data and spatial navigation information seamlessly integrated with real tissues.

Silencing dentate newborn neurons alters excitatory/inhibitory balance and impairs behavioral inhibition and flexibility.

Adult neurogenesis confers the hippocampus with unparalleled neural plasticity, essential for intricate cognitive functions. The specific influence of sparse newborn neurons (NBNs) in modulating neural activities and subsequently steering behavior, however, remains obscure. Using an engineered NBN-tetanus toxin mouse model (NBN-TeTX), we noninvasively silenced NBNs, elucidating their crucial role in impulse inhibition and cognitive flexibility as evidenced through Morris water maze reversal learning and Go/Nogo task in operant learning.

Cohort profile: Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study (BHACS).

The Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study (BHACS) was established to supplement the limited data of a large representative cohort of older people based on the general population and was designed to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of cognitive decline, functional disability, and conventional vascular risk factors. The aim was to determine the evolution of these conditions by estimating the rates and determinants of progression and regression to adverse outcomes, including dementia, cardiovascular events, cancer, and all-cause death. It can therefore provide evidence to help policy makers develop better policies to promote healthy aging in China.

Cholesterol paradox in the community-living old adults: is higher better?

Objective: To evaluate the associations of lipid indicators and mortality in Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study.

Methods: A prospective cohort was conducted based on Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study with 4499 community older adults. After the baseline survey, the last follow-up was March 31, 2021 with an average 8.

Precursor Induced Assembly of Si Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphene/Carbon Matrices and the Influence of AlO Coating on their Properties as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The theoretical capacity of pristine silicon as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can reach up to 4200 mAh g, however, the low electrical conductivity and the huge volume expansion limit their practical application. To address this challenge, a precursor strategy has been explored to induce the curling of graphene oxide (GO) flakes and the enclosing of Si nanoparticles by selecting protonated chitosan as both assembly inducer and carbon precursor. The Si nanoparticles are dispersed first in a slurry of GO by ball milling, then the resulting dispersion is dried by a spray drying process to achieve instantaneous solution evaporation and compact encapsulation of silicon particles with GO.

The impact of enhanced recovery after surgery on inflammatory indicators and prognosis related to complex appendicitis in children.

Objective: To explore the application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) perioperative plan in the treatment of complex appendicitis in children, and further enrich the implementation plan of ERAS in the field of pediatric surgery.

Method: This study selected 122 children who underwent laparoscopic complex appendectomy at Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Baotou Fourth Hospital from August 2018 to July 2022, and randomly divided them into a traditional surgery group (TS) and an enhanced recovery surgery group (ERAS). The changes of white blood cell (WBC), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), pro Calcitonin (PCT) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) before and after surgery were compared.

Carbon Nanofibers Decorated by MoS Nanosheets with Tunable Quantity as Self-Supporting Anode for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is considered as a highly promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its unique layer structure, large plane spacing, and high theoretical specific capacity; however, the overlap of MoS nanosheets and inherently low electrical conductivity lead to rapid capacity decay, resulting in poor cycling stability and low multiplicative performance. This severely limits its practical application in LIBs. To overcome the above problems, composite fibers with a core//sheath structure have been designed and fabricated.

Mechanism Insight into the Conversion between HS and Thiophene during Coal Pyrolysis: A Theoretical Study.

Clean coal technology is the important thrust to the achievement of "carbon neutralization"; clearing the transformation mechanism of thiophene, the dominant organic sulfur species in coal, is conducive to promoting the development of sulfur removal technology. DFT calculations were performed, and 28 reaction paths were proposed in this research, clarifying the decomposition mechanism of thiophene and the fixation mechanism of HS. Thiophene is pyrolyzed mainly through the hydrogen-transfer reaction, which occurs at above 2000 K rather than 800 K.

Effect of the Online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety and Depression Status of COVID-19 Patients Treated in Fangcang Hospitals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: As the focal point of epidemic prevention and control, the mental health of COVID-19 patients cannot be ignored. Online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) allows for the provision of conveniently accessible, effective and low-cost interventions on a large scale. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of an online MBSR intervention in alleviating anxiety and depression among asymptomatic/mild patients limited by COVID-19-related restrictions.

Association of cardiovascular health at old age with all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death worldwide, but there is a lack of data on whether cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with elderly mortality in China. We investigated the relationship between the ideal CVH score of Chinese elderly and the all-cause mortality.

Methods: The Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study included a total of 4,499 participants aged 60 years and above.

Quantum Criticality of Liquid-Gas Transition in a Binary Bose Mixture.

Quantum liquid, in the form of a self-bound droplet, is stabilized by a subtle balance between the mean-field contribution and quantum fluctuations. While a liquid-gas transition is expected when such a balance is broken, it remains elusive whether liquid-gas critical points exist in the quantum regime. Here, we study the quantum criticality in a binary Bose mixture undergoing the liquid-gas transition.

Association between different adiposity measures and all-cause mortality risk among centenarians: A prospective cohort study.

Importance: Little evidence on the association between adiposity measures and all-cause mortality was observed among centenarians, and no targeted development of optimal weight recommendations for them.

Objective: To comprehensively assess the association between adiposity indices and all-cause mortality among centenarians.

Design Setting, And Participants: This prospective population-based cohort study included 1002 centenarians registered in 18 counties and cities in Hainan Province from June 2014 to May 2021.

Associations of healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets with plasma markers of cardiometabolic risk.

Purpose: Plant-based diets, particularly when rich in healthy plant foods, have been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of plant-based diets that distinguish between healthy and unhealthy plant foods on cardiometabolic biomarkers remains unclear.

Methods: Dietary information was collected by two 24-h recalls among 34,785 adults from a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Real-Time Navigation with Guide Template for Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Device: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Objective: This study aims to explore the real-time navigation with guide template using an augmented reality head-mounted device (ARHMD) for pedicle screw placement.

Methods: The spatial coordinate relationships between augmented reality images and real objects were established through the custom-made guide template, and the registration and tracking were completed using an ARHMD. The feasibility and accuracy of this method were verified by pedicle screw placement in 2 lumbar models.

A Comparative Evaluation of Optical See-Through Augmented Reality in Surgical Guidance.

During traditional surgeries, planning and instrument guidance is displayed on an external screen. Recent developments of augmented reality (AR) techniques can overcome obstacles including hand-eye discoordination and heavy mental load. Among these AR technologies, optical see-through (OST) schemes with stereoscopic displays can provide depth perception and retain the physical scene for safety considerations.