Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of sclera in lens-induced myopic guinea pigs.

Background: Myopia development is commonly assessed by an increase in axial length, which may lead to high myopia and visual impairment. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways in the sclera during experimental axial elongation.

Methods: A myopia guinea pig model was established using male guinea pigs aged 2-3 weeks, which underwent bilateral lens-induced myopization (LIM) (study group) or were left untreated (control group).

Unraveling the impact of frailty on postoperative delirium in elderly surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Frailty has been consistently implicated as a pivotal factor in the onset of delirium following anesthesia and surgery. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between frailty and delirium remains to be elucidated. This study addresses that knowledge gap.

Nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in cavity-magnon optomechanics via the Barnett effect.

We theoretically propose a scheme for generating nonreciprocal macroscopic bipartite and tripartite entanglement using the Barnett effect in cavity-magnon optomechanics. The system consists of an optomechanical cavity and a rotatable yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. Our results indicate that under appropriate parameter conditions, both bipartite entanglement and genuine tripartite entanglement can be generated between the cavity mode, mechanical mode, and magnon mode.

Rapid growth of inch-sized lanthanide oxychloride single crystals.

The layered lanthanide oxychloride (LnOCl) family, featuring a low equivalent oxide thickness, high breakdown field and magnetic ordering properties, holds great promise for next-generation van der Waals devices. However, the exploitation of LnOCl materials has been hindered by a lack of reliable methods for growing their single-crystalline phases. Here we achieved the growth of inch-sized bulk LnOCl single crystals and single-crystalline thin films with thickness down to the monolayer in a few hours.

Preclinical Alzheimer's disease shows alterations in circulating neuronal-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs in a multiethnic cohort.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting around 50 million individuals worldwide. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can cross the blood-brain barrier carrying neuron-specific molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which have potential as biomarkers of neurodegeneration.

Methods: We explored the association between neuronal-derived EV miRNAs from serum and AD clinical status by performing a transcriptome-wide association study involving 46 participants with clinical AD, 14 participants with preclinical AD, and 60 neurologically healthy controls.

Epigenomic pathways from racism to preterm birth: secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b) cohort study in the USA to examine how DNA methylation mediates the relationship between multilevel racism and preterm birth in black women: a study protocol.

Introduction: Preterm birth is a significant contributor to pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality, particularly affecting black women. Racism is a key driver of perinatal inequities, but mechanisms remain unclear. Epigenomics research offers promise in understanding how environmental exposures, including racism, influence gene expression and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

In-vivo sclera thickness measurements in experimental myopia of guinea pigs.

The sclera is the target organ of axial elongation during myopia onset and progression. Visualizing the sclera in-vivo is important for monitoring the dynamic changes of the sclera remodeling in experimental myopia. In the present study, three-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were subjected to negative controls (n = 8), monocular negative lens-induced myopia (LIM, n = 10), or combining monocular LIM and intravitreally mTORC1 agonist (MHY1485, 4 µg) injection for inducing high myopia (LIM + MHY1485 group, n = 10) for four weeks.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and peripheral blood eosinophil percentages as predictive indicators for eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.

Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a high incidence rate and different endotypes. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency is common in patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP, respectively). This study explored the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and CRS risk and determined the value of combining serum 25(OH)D with peripheral blood markers in distinguishing between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP.

Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Glycosylation Involving 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis in .

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, AA) is widely present in plants, but humans lack the ability to synthesize it independently. As a potent reducing agent, AA is susceptible to oxidation, making the enhancement of its stability crucial. 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is a stable natural derivative of AA with glycosylation, initially discovered in the fruits of .

Windows of susceptibility to air pollution during and surrounding pregnancy in relation to longitudinal maternal measures of adiposity and lipid profiles.

Pregnancy is a critical window for long-term metabolic programming of fetal effects stemming from airborne particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM) exposure. Yet, little is known about long-term metabolic effects of PM exposure during and surrounding pregnancy in mothers.

Multimodal Artificial Intelligence-Based Virtual Biopsy for Diagnosing Abdominal Lavage Cytology-Positive Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination remains a significant clinical challenge due to its poor prognosis and difficulty in early detection. This study introduces a multimodal artificial intelligence-based risk stratification assessment (RSA) model, integrating radiomic and clinical data to predict peritoneal lavage cytology-positive (GC-CY1) in gastric cancer patients. The RSA model is trained and validated across retrospective, external, and prospective cohorts.

Vitamin D impedes eosinophil chemotaxis via inhibiting glycolysis-induced CCL26 expression in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is likely to relapse due to aberrant eosinophil infiltration. The deficiency of Vitamin D (VD) is associated with increased eosinophil infiltration in eosinophilic oesophagitis. However, the role of VD in eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) remains unclear.

Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome Associated with Fallopian Tube Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) was identified as a rare and unique clinical complication of primary tumors. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, a subtype of PNS, involved an immune-mediated attack on cerebellar Purkinje cells, resulting in a series of cerebellar symptoms.

Case Presentation: We report a case of an elderly female patient who presented with subacute cerebellar symptoms, positive anti-YO antibody, and elevated CA-125 levels.

Molecular profiling of neuronal extracellular vesicles reveals brain tissue specific signals.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by neurons (nEVs) provide an opportunity to measure biomarkers from the brain circulating in the periphery. No study yet has directly compared molecular cargo in brain tissue to nEVs found in circulation in humans. We compared the levels microRNAs and environmental chemicals because microRNAs are one of the most studied nEV cargoes and offer great potential as biomarkers and environmental chemical load in nEVs is understudied and could reveal levels of chemicals in the brain.

Preoperative sarcopenia and postoperative accelerated muscle loss negatively impact survival after resection of locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) posing significant challenges due to frequent lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. While curative gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is the standard treatment, sarcopenia and perioperative skeletal muscle loss (SML) have emerged as critical prognostic factors.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 198 LAGC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy.

Single-Molecule Amplification-Free Detection of Nucleic Acid Biomarkers from Body Fluids via an Optical Microfiber with a Nanointerface.

Single-molecule detection of nucleic acids in body fluids is vital but challenging. This work presents an optical microfiber biosensor with a metal-semiconductor-2D material hybrid nanointerface for single-molecule amplification-free detection of nucleic acids in complex body fluids. By optimizing the nanointerface components, we achieved significant enhancement of the evanescent field, enabling ultrahigh sensitivity at the microfiber surface.

Cone mosaic in eyes with varied axial length using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Background: Abnormalities in cone photoreceptor topography are closely associated with the development of various ocular diseases, including axial myopia. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables high-resolution, single-cell imaging of the living human retina.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between cone topography and axial myopia using a commercial AOSLO system.

Preoperative liquid biopsy transcriptomic panel for risk assessment of lymph node metastasis in T1 gastric cancer.

Background: The increasing incidence of early-stage T1 gastric cancer (GC) underscores the need for accurate preoperative risk stratification of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Current pathological assessments often misclassify patients, leading to unnecessary radical surgeries.

Methods: Through analysis of transcriptomic data from public databases and T1 GC tissues, we identified a 4-mRNA panel (SDS, TESMIN, NEB, and GRB14).

Microscale insight into the proton concentration during electrolytic reaction via an optical microfiber: potential for microcurrent monitoring by a dielectric probe.

Local microcurrent monitoring is of great significance for biological and battery systems, yet it poses a formidable challenge. The current measurement techniques rely on electromagnetic materials which inevitably introduce interference to the system under examination. To address this issue, a promising approach based on a dielectric fiber-optic sensor is demonstrated.

Predicting Chern numbers in photonic crystals using generative adversarial network-based data augmentation.

The Chern number is the core of topological photonics, which is used to describe the topological properties of photonic crystals and other optical systems to realize the functional transmission and the control of photons within materials. However, the calculation process of Chern numbers is complex and time-consuming. To address this issue, we use the deep learning accompanied with Maxwell's equations to predict the Chern number of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a square lattice in this paper.

Qualitative identification of passive Fourier transform infrared spectra via an attention mechanism based deep learning approach.

Passive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, used to detect chemical pollutants in the air, works with extremely weak signals with complex and varying background interference. This significantly challenges gas identification in terms of precision. Consequently, limited research progress has been made in this area.

MyEcoReporter: a prototype for artificial intelligence-facilitated pollution reporting.

Background: Many chemical releases are first noticed by community members, but reporting these concerns often involves considerable hurdles. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies, especially large language models (LLMs), can potentially reduce these barriers.

Objective: We hypothesized that AI-powered chatbots can facilitate reporting of pollution incidents through text messaging.

DkGASA4 plays a role in the postharvest softening of persimmon fruit regulated by gibberellin.

Gibberellin (GA) is one of the crucial plant hormones involved in fruit ripening regulation. GASA genes, which respond to GA and encode cysteine-rich peptides, are prevalent in plants. While the GASA gene family has been identified in various plants, its role in persimmon fruit ripening remains unclear.

Efficacy and influencing factors of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice patients.

Objectives: To analyze the efficacy and influencing factors of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage (PTCD) in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ).

Methods: The study included 151 MOJ patients admitted from January 2021 to January 2024. Seventy patients in the control group received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), while 81 patients in the research group underwent PTCD.