Remineralization and bacterial inhibition of early enamel caries surfaces by carboxymethyl chitosan lysozyme nanogels loaded with antibacterial drugs.

Objective: This study aimed to develop dual-functional CMC-LYZ-ACP nanogels. Three different antibacterial substances, tea polyphenols (TPs), silver nitrate (AgNO), and chlorhexidine (CHX) are then combined to form three dual-functional CMC-LYZ-ACP nanogels for remineralization and antibacterial purposes.

Methods: An in vitro model of Streptococcus mutans biofilm was established to analyze the inhibitory effect of the antibacterial-remineralizing dual-functional nanogels on the biofilm.

L-serine combined with carboxymethyl chitosan guides amorphous calcium phosphate to remineralize enamel.

The aim of this study is to investigate a robust and stable calcium-phosphorus system to remineralize human early enamel caries lesions with nanocomplexes of carboxymethyl chitosan/L-serine/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC-Ser-ACP) to develop an effective method for mimicking the amelogenin (AMEL) mineralization pattern through ACP assembly. A CMC-Ser-ACP nanocomplex solution was first synthesized by a chemical precipitation method, and then 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was added to induce ACP phase formation. The morphologies of the nanocomplexes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to detect surface charge and functional group changes.

Nanogels of carboxymethyl chitosan and lysozyme encapsulated amorphous calcium phosphate to occlude dentinal tubules.

This study aimed to develop of a rapid and effective method to occlude dentinal tubules using carboxymethyl chitosan and lysozyme (CMC/LYZ) nanogels with encapsulated amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) based on the transformation of ACP to HAP. In this work, CMC/LYZ was used to stabilize ACP and form CMC/LYZ-ACP nanogels, and then the nanogel-encapsulated ACP was applied to exposed dentinal tubule surfaces. The morphology of the nanogels was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Rapid biomimetic remineralization of the demineralized enamel surface using nano-particles of amorphous calcium phosphate guided by chimaeric peptides.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and effective method to remineralize human carious-like enamel using chimaeric peptide-mediated nanocomplexes of carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP), mimicking the mineralizing pattern of the oriented assembly of ACP guided by amelogenin in the biomineralization of enamel.

Methods: CMC/ACP nanocomplex solution was first synthesized through the successive addition of carboxymethyl chitosan, calcium chloride, and dipotassium phosphate into distilled water. ACP nanoparticles were degraded by 1% NaClO from CMC/ACP nanocomplexes.

Clinical and immunohistochemical performance of lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (Ly-PRF) on tissue regeneration.

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely used in oral implantology and other fields, but benefits of the fresh PRF (FPRF (fresh platelet-rich fibrin)) were consequently limited because of its short-term application. Thus, a protocol for the combination of PRF and lyophilization comes up in the present study to address the issue of PRF storage and delayed clinical application, which has little been reported in this field at home and abroad by now.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (Ly-PRF) used as the scaffold material for craniofacial tissue regeneration and to compare its biochemical properties with commonly used fresh PRF.

Oriented and Ordered Biomimetic Remineralization of the Surface of Demineralized Dental Enamel Using HAP@ACP Nanoparticles Guided by Glycine.

Achieving oriented and ordered remineralization on the surface of demineralized dental enamel, thereby restoring the satisfactory mechanical properties approaching those of sound enamel, is still a challenge for dentists. To mimic the natural biomineralization approach for enamel remineralization, the biological process of enamel development proteins, such as amelogenin, was simulated in this study. In this work, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) conjugated with alendronate (ALN) was applied to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to form CMC/ACP nanoparticles.

Establishing Antibacterial Multilayer Films on the Surface of Direct Metal Laser Sintered Titanium Primed with Phase-Transited Lysozyme.

Direct metal laser sintering is a technology that allows the fabrication of titanium (Ti) implants with a functional gradation of porosity and surface roughness according to three-dimensional (3D) computer data. The surface roughness of direct metal laser sintered titanium (DMLS-Ti) implants may provide abundant binding sites for bacteria. Bacterial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation can cause unsatisfactory cell adhesion and implant-related infections.

Crack propagation and the material removal mechanism of glass-ceramics by the scratch test.

To eliminate the negative effects of surface flaws and subsurface damage of glass-ceramics on clinical effectiveness, crack propagation and the material removal mechanism of glass-ceramics were studied by single and double scratch experiments conducted using an ultra-precision machine. A self-manufactured pyramid shaped single-grit tool with a small tip radius was used as the scratch tool. The surface and subsurface crack propagations and interactions, surface morphology and material removal mechanism were investigated.

Synergistic intrafibrillar/extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen scaffolds based on a biomimetic strategy to promote the regeneration of bone defects.

The mineralization of collagen scaffolds can improve their mechanical properties and biocompatibility, thereby providing an appropriate microenvironment for bone regeneration. The primary purpose of the present study is to fabricate a synergistically intra- and extrafibrillar mineralized collagen scaffold, which has many advantages in terms of biocompatibility, biomechanical properties, and further osteogenic potential. In this study, mineralized collagen scaffolds were fabricated using a traditional mineralization method (ie, immersed in simulated body fluid) as a control group and using a biomimetic method based on the polymer-induced liquid precursor process as an experimental group.

Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentine using scaffold of CMC/ACP nanocomplexes in an in vitro tooth model of deep caries.

Currently, it is still a tough task for dentists to remineralize dentine in deep caries. The aim of this study was to remineralize demineralized dentine in a tooth model of deep caries using nanocomplexes of carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP) based on mimicking the stabilizing effect of dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1) on ACP in the biomineralization of dentine. The experimental results indicate that CMC can stabilize ACP to form nanocomplexes of CMC/ACP, which is able to be processed into scaffolds by lyophilization.

Templated growth of platinum nanowheels using the inhomogeneous reaction environment of bicelles.

Novel platinum nanowheels were synthesized by the reduction of aqueous platinum complex with ascorbic acid in the presence of disk-like bicelles. The platinum nanowheels possess thickened centers and flared edges that are connected by dendritic platinum nanosheets. This structural complexity can be attributed to the inhomogeneous micro-environment of the templating bicelles consisting of a central bi-layer region and a high curvature rim.

Molecular organization in self-assembled binary porphyrin nanotubes revealed by resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Porphyrin nanotubes were formed by the ionic self-assembly of tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin diacid (H(4)TPPS(4)(2-)) and Sn(IV) tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Sn(OH(-))(X)TPyP(4+/5+) [X = OH(-) or H(2)O]) at pH 2.0. As reported previously, the tubes are hollow as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, approximately 60 nm in diameter, and can be up to several micrometres long.

Synthesis of platinum nanowheels using a bicellar template.

Disk-like surfactant bicelles provide a unique meso-structured reaction environment for templating the wet-chemical reduction of platinum(II) salt by ascorbic acid to produce platinum nanowheels. The Pt wheels are 496 +/-55 nm in diameter and possess thickened centers and radial dendritic nanosheets (about 2-nm in thickness) culminating in flared dendritic rims. The structural features of the platinum wheels arise from confined growth of platinum within the bilayer that is also limited at edges of the bicelles.

Light-driven synthesis of hollow platinum nanospheres.

Hollow platinum nanospheres that are porous and have uniform shell thickness are prepared by templating platinum growth on polystyrene beads with an adsorbed porphyrin photocatalyst irradiated by visible light.

Synthesis of platinum nanowire networks using a soft template.

Platinum nanowire networks have been synthesized by chemical reduction of a platinum complex using sodium borohydride in the presence of a soft template formed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in a two-phase water-chloroform system. The interconnected polycrystalline nanowires possess the highest surface area (53 +/- 1 m2/g) and electroactive surface area (32.4 +/- 3.

Interfacial synthesis of dendritic platinum nanoshells templated on benzene nanodroplets stabilized in water by a photocatalytic lipoporphyrin.

Nanoscale metal shells have many potential uses and in some applications offer significant advantages over nanoparticles. The synthesis of platinum nanoshells using stabilized nanodroplets of benzene in water as growth templates is described; the nanodroplets are stabilized by a surfactant-like tin(IV)-porphyrin complex localized at the benzene-water interface. The porphyrin also acts as a photocatalyst that reduces the platinum complex and deposits metal onto the nanodroplets to form dendritic metal nanoshells.