Perioperative complications of minor and major reinterventions for peripheral arterial disease.

Introduction: Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) frequently require reinterventions after lower-extremity revascularization (LER) to maintain perfusion. Current Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines define reinterventions as major or minor based on the magnitude of the procedure. While prior studies have compared primary LER procedures of different magnitudes, similar studies for reinterventions have not been performed.

The Impact of Ejection Fraction on Major Adverse Limb Events after Lower Extremity Revascularization.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is commonly associated with coronary artery disease, and echocardiography is frequently performed before lower extremity revascularization (LER). However, the incidence of various echocardiographic findings in patients with PAD and their impact on the outcomes of LER has not been well studied. Reduced ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40% is associated with increased major adverse limb events (MALE) after LER.

Season of Conception and Risk of Cerebral Palsy.

Importance: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent neuromotor disability in childhood, but for most cases the etiology remains unexplained. Seasonal variation in the conception of CP may provide clues for their potential etiological risk factors that vary across seasons.

Objective: To evaluate whether the month or season of conception is associated with CP occurrence.

Environmental risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: umbrella review and comparison of meta-analyses of summary and individual participant data.

Objectives: To summarise the range, strength, and validity of reported associations between environmental risk factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and to evaluate the concordance between associations reported in meta-analyses of summary level data and meta-analyses of individual participant data.

Design: Umbrella review and comparison of meta-analyses of summary and individual participant level data.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos, from inception to 23 July 2021.

Incidence and Significance of Deep Venous Reflux in Patients Treated with Saphenous Vein Ablation.

Background: Venous ablation (VA) of the saphenous vein is the most common procedure performed for venous insufficiency. The incidence of concomitant deep venous reflux (DVR) in patients undergoing VA is unknown. Our hypothesis is that patients undergoing saphenous VA with concomitant DVR exhibit a higher clinical, etiology, anatomy, and pathophysiology (CEAP) stage and less relief after VA compared to patients without DVR.

Developmental Milestones of Infancy and Associations with Later Childhood Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

The age at attaining infancy developmental milestones has been associated with later neurodevelopmental outcomes, but evidence from large and diverse samples is lacking. We investigated this by analyzing data of 5360 singleton children aged 9-10 from 17 states in the US enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study during 2016-2020. Delays in four milestones (first roll over, unaided sitting, unaided walking, and speaking first words) were defined using the 90th percentile of age at attainment reported by children's biological mothers.

Etiology of lung cancer: Evidence from epidemiologic studies.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. While smoking, radon, air pollution, as well as occupational exposure to asbestos, diesel fumes, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and silica are well-established risk factors, many lung cancer cases cannot be explained by these known risk factors. Over the last two decades the incidence of adenocarcinoma has risen, and it now surpasses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common histologic subtype.

Impact of bowel preparation on elective colectomies for diverticulitis: analysis of the NSQIP database.

Background: Recent data based on large databases show that bowel preparation (BP) is associated with improved outcomes in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. However, it remains unclear whether BP in elective colectomies would lead to similar results in patients with diverticulitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bowel preparation affected the surgical site infections (SSI) and anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients with diverticulitis undergoing elective colectomies.

The Impact of Clinical Follow-Up After Revascularization on the Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia.

Background: Guidelines for optimal follow-up for patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization (LER) for peripheral arterial disease recommend multiple visits with imaging during the first year followed by yearly monitoring thereafter. Critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients are at a greater risk for mortality and limb amputation than claudicants and thus necessitate closer monitoring. The goal of this article is to study the effects of compliance with follow-up after revascularization for patients with CLTI on major amputation rates and mortality.

Eligibility of Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia for Deep Venous Arterialization.

Background: Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (pDVA) has emerged as a new modality for limb salvage in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and no standard option for revascularization. The proportion of patients facing major amputation who are eligible for this technology remains unknown. This study aims to provide a real-life estimate of patient eligibility for pDVA to reduce major amputations.

Vein ablation is an effective treatment for patients with bleeding varicose veins.

Background: Bleeding is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of varicose veins. There is paucity of literature about patients with varicose veins that present with bleeding and the effectiveness of vein ablation as therapy to prevent recurrent bleeding. This study compares patients treated with vein ablation for bleeding varicose veins with patients treated for venous symptoms other than bleeding.

A nested case-control study of serum polychlorinated biphenyls and papillary thyroid cancer risk among U.S. military service members.

Background And Objectives: Although polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were banned decades ago, populations are continuously exposed to PCBs due to their persistence and bioaccumulation/biomagnification in the environment. Results from limited epidemiologic studies linking PCBs to thyroid cancer have been inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between individual PCBs and PCB mixture and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common thyroid cancer histologic subtype.

Sex differences in long-term outcomes of patients with deep vein thrombosis.

Objective: Sex differences in short-term outcomes of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been reported, but differences in long-term outcomes remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in long-term mortality, venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality, and bleeding-related mortality in patients with DVT at a tertiary care center.

Methods: A retrospective chart review from 2012 to 2018 of all consecutive patients diagnosed with DVT was performed.

Reinterventions in Patients with Claudication and Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia.

Background: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) present with claudication or chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). CLTI patients have a more advanced stage of atherosclerosis and increased comorbidities compared to claudicants, and are at an elevated risk of major amputation and mortality after lower extremity revascularization (LER). However, the frequency of reinterventions for claudication and CLTI have not been compared.

Cooking stoves and risk of birth defects in urban China.

Introduction: Birth defects are a leading cause of infant death. Pregnant women spend a large amount of time indoors, and little research from population-based studies has investigated the association between indoor air pollution and birth defects. We aimed to examine whether using coal, biomass, or electromagnetic stoves for cooking is associated with risk of birth defects compared to using gas stoves.

Alcohol consumption and risk of stomach cancer: A meta-analysis.

Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of stomach cancer remains unclear. Epidemiology studies investigating this relationship have shown inconsistent findings.

Location of reflux in the saphenous vein does not affect outcomes of vein ablation.

Background: Varicose veins are commonly caused by valvular reflux in the saphenous vein. Most insurance companies will approve venous ablation (VA) for the treatment of junctional reflux only and will deny coverage for symptomatic patients with significant nonjunctional reflux of the saphenous vein at the deep system. The present study compared the outcomes of VA for patients with junctional reflux and patients with nonjunctional reflux.

Association of Race/Ethnicity with Surgical Route and Perioperative Outcomes of Hysterectomy for Leiomyomas.

Study Objective: To evaluate the associations among race/ethnicity, route of surgery, and perioperative outcomes for women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine leiomyomas.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Multistate.

The association of maternal age with adverse neonatal outcomes in Lusaka, Zambia: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Pregnancy among adolescents, whether intended or not, is a public health concern as it is generally considered high risk for both mothers and their newborns. In Zambia, where many women engage in early sexual behaviour or marry at a young age, 28.5% of girls aged 15-19 years were pregnant with their first child in the year 2013-2014.

Surgical Outcomes of Mastectomy with Immediate Autologous Reconstruction Followed by Radiation.

Introduction: Timing of autologous reconstruction relative to postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is debated. Benefits of immediate reconstruction must be weighed against a possibly heightened risk of complications from flap irradiation. We reviewed flap outcomes after single operation plus PMRT in a large institutional cohort.

Comparison of Atherectomy to Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting for Isolated Femoropopliteal Revascularization.

Background: The use of atherectomy for lower extremity revascularization is increasing despite concerning reports about its long-term safety and effectiveness. This study compares the outcomes of atherectomy to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting for treatment of isolated femoropopliteal disease.

Methods: All patients undergoing endovascular treatment of isolated femoropopliteal lesions in the Vascular Quality Initiative (2009-2018) were identified.

The Reintervention Index: A New Outcome Measure for Comparative Effectiveness of Lower Extremity Revascularization.

Background: Reinterventions after lower extremity revascularization (LER) are common. Current outcome measures assessing durability of revascularization rely on freedom from reintervention but do not account for the frequency of repeated LER. The aim of this study is to compare the reintervention index, defined as the mean number of repeat LER, after open and endovascular revascularization.

Variations in the Management of Claudication in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background: Multiple societal guidelines recommend medical optimization and exercise therapy for patients with claudication prior to lower extremity revascularization (LER). However, the application of those guidelines in practice remains unknown. Our hypothesis is that vascular surgeons (VS) are more adherent to guidelines compared to non-VS treating claudication.