Discrimination of leaf diseases in Maize/Soybean intercropping system based on hyperspectral imaging.

In order to achieve precise discrimination of leaf diseases in the Maize/Soybean intercropping system, i.e. leaf spot disease, rust disease, mixed leaf diseases, this study utilized hyperspectral imaging and deep learning algorithms for the classification of diseased leaves of maize and soybean.

Distributed power analysis attack on SM4 encryption chip.

Encryption chips are specialized integrated circuits that incorporate encryption algorithms for data encryption and decryption, ensuring data confidentiality and security. In China, the domestic SM4 algorithm is commonly utilized, as opposed to the international AES encryption algorithm. These widely implemented encryption standards have been proven to be difficult to crack through crypt analysis methods Currently, power consumption side-channel attacks are the most prevalent method.

Inferring evolutionary trajectories from cross-sectional transcriptomic data to mirror lung adenocarcinoma progression.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a deadly tumor with dynamic evolutionary process. Although much endeavors have been made in identifying the temporal patterns of cancer progression, it remains challenging to infer and interpret the molecular alterations associated with cancer development and progression. To this end, we developed a computational approach to infer the progression trajectory based on cross-sectional transcriptomic data.

Integrated mRNA sequence optimization using deep learning.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic has catalyzed the rapid development of mRNA vaccines, whereas, how to optimize the mRNA sequence of exogenous gene such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike to fit human cells remains a critical challenge. A new algorithm, iDRO (integrated deep-learning-based mRNA optimization), is developed to optimize multiple components of mRNA sequences based on given amino acid sequences of target protein. Considering the biological constraints, we divided iDRO into two steps: open reading frame (ORF) optimization and 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3'UTR generation.

Enhancing the Spun Yarn Properties by Controlling Fiber Stress Distribution in the Spinning Triangle with Rotary Heterogeneous Contact Surfaces.

Control of tension distribution in the spinning triangle region that can facilitate fiber motion and transfer is highly desirable for high quality yarn production. Here, the key mechanisms and a mechanical model of gradient regulation of fiber tension and motion with rotary heterogeneous contact surfaces were theoretically analyzed. The linear velocity gradient, effected on a fiber strand using rotary heterogeneous contact surfaces, could balance and stabilize the structure and stress distribution of spinning triangle area, which could capture exposed fiber to reduce hairiness formation and enhance the internal and external fiber transfer to strengthen the fiber utilization rate.

Composite Braided Fabric Coupled with Photothermal and Electrothermal Processes for Stable and Continuous All-Day Desalination.

In this study, a carbon fiber/tencel composite braided fabric was used in stable and continuous all-day desalination technology with superior photothermal and electrothermal conversion capability. The desalination performance was regulated by adjusting the braiding parameters. Because the water in carbon fibers is maintained in the capillary state and thus evaporates more easily in clusters, it required less energy to evaporate water off the composite fabric.

DOTA: Deep Learning Optimal Transport Approach to Advance Drug Repositioning for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia, affecting over 5 million people in the United States and incurring a substantial global healthcare cost. Unfortunately, current treatments are only palliative and do not cure AD. There is an urgent need to develop novel anti-AD therapies; however, drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive, and high-risk process.

Application of Machine Vision in Classifying Gait Frailty Among Older Adults.

Frail older adults have an increased risk of adverse health outcomes and premature death. They also exhibit altered gait characteristics in comparison with healthy individuals. In this study, we created a Fried's frailty phenotype (FFP) labelled casual walking video set of older adults based on the West China Health and Aging Trend study.

First-principles study of cohesion strength and stability of titanium-carbon interfaces using vdW interaction.

Interface adhesion and stability between titanium and carbon materials have been investigated by first-principles calculation, in which three different DFT-PBE, DFT-LDA and optB88-vdW approaches are considered. Our calculation reveals that the formation of carbon vacancy in graphene would enhance the interface stability and increase interfacial strength, which may be due to a strong hybridization between titanium atom and the sp dangling bonds of the carbons near the vacancy. It is also found that the van der Waals interaction has less effects on cohesion properties of the titanium/graphite interfaces, and the Ti-C bond of titanium-carbon interfaces is weaker than that of the TiC bulk.

Serious Games in Health Professions Education: Review of Trends and Learning Efficacy.

Objectives: To provide an overview of research trends and a review regarding the learning efficacy of serious games for health professions education taking into account short-term learning outcomes.

Methods: For the review of research trends, we performed the search on Web of Science from 1996 until the present. For the scoping review on learning efficacy, ERIC, Education Source, PsychINFO, Global Health, CINAHL, Web Of Science, and Medline were searched.

Photocured Materials with Self-Healing Function through Ionic Interactions for Flexible Electronics.

Photocured materials with self-healing function have the merit of long lifetime and environmentally benign preparation process and thus find potential applications in various fields. Herein, a novel imidazolium-containing photocurable monomer, (6-(3-(3(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 H-imidazol-3-ium bromide)propanoyloxy)hexyl acrylate, IM-A), was designed and synthesized. Self-healing polymers were prepared by fast photocuring with IM-A, isobornyl acrylate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate as the monomers.

8-Layer Shifted Hexagonal Perovskite BaMnNbO: Long-Range Ordering of High-Spin d Mn Layers and Electronic Structure.

A new 8-layer shifted hexagonal perovskite BaMnNbO has been synthesized in air, featuring unusual long-range B-cation ordering with single octahedral high-spin d Mn layers separated by ∼1.9 nm within the corner-sharing octahedral d Nb host, analogous to Ba(Zn/Co)NbO. The large size and charge differences between high-spin Mn and Nb, as well as the out-of-center distortion of NbO octahedra associated with the bonding covalence and second-order Jahn-Teller effect of Nb, drive long-range cationic ordering, thus stabilizing BaMnNbO.

Folding to Curved Surfaces: A Generalized Design Method and Mechanics of Origami-based Cylindrical Structures.

Origami structures enrich the field of mechanical metamaterials with the ability to convert morphologically and systematically between two-dimensional (2D) thin sheets and three-dimensional (3D) spatial structures. In this study, an in-plane design method is proposed to approximate curved surfaces of interest with generalized Miura-ori units. Using this method, two combination types of crease lines are unified in one reprogrammable procedure, generating multiple types of cylindrical structures.