Functional Roles of H3K4 Methylation in Transcriptional Regulation.

Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is a highly evolutionary conserved chromatin modification associated with active transcription, and its three methylation states-mono, di, and trimethylation-mark distinct regulatory elements. However, whether H3K4me plays functional roles in transcriptional regulation or is merely a by-product of histone methyltransferases recruited to actively transcribed loci is still under debate. Here, we outline the studies that have addressed this question in yeast, , and mammalian systems.

Uncovering fruit flavor and genetic diversity across diploid wild Fragaria species via comparative metabolomics profiling.

Wild Fragaria resources exhibit extensive genetic diversity and desirable edible traits, such as high soluble solid content and flavor compounds. However, specific metabolites in different wild strawberry fruits remain unknown. In this study, we characterized 1008 metabolites covering 11 subclasses among 13 wild diploid resources representing eight species, including F.

Toward Durable CO Electroreduction with Cu-Based Catalysts via Understanding Their Deactivation Modes.

The technology of CO electrochemical reduction (COER) provides a means to convert CO, a waste greenhouse gas, into value-added chemicals. Copper is the most studied element that is capable of catalyzing COER to obtain multicarbon products, such as ethylene, ethanol, acetate, etc., at an appreciable rate.

Hydrogen-induced tunable remanent polarization in a perovskite nickelate.

Materials with field-tunable polarization are of broad interest to condensed matter sciences and solid-state device technologies. Here, using hydrogen (H) donor doping, we modify the room temperature metallic phase of a perovskite nickelate NdNiO into an insulating phase with both metastable dipolar polarization and space-charge polarization. We then demonstrate transient negative differential capacitance in thin film capacitors.

Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites.

Plant metabolites significantly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling, but their influence on nitrous oxide (NO) emissions has not been quantitatively analyzed on a global scale. We conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 observations from 42 articles to evaluate global patterns of and principal factors controlling NO emissions in the presence of root exudates and extracts. Overall, plant metabolites promoted soil NO emissions by about 10%.

Label/immobilization-free Cas12a-based electrochemiluminescence biosensor for sensitive DNA detection.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is one of the most sensitive techniques in the field of diagnostics. However, they typically require luminescent labeling and electrode surface biological modification, which is a time-consuming and laborious process involving multiple steps and may also lead to low reaction efficiency. Fabricating label/modification-free biosensors has become one of the most attractive parts for simplifying the ECL assays.

Neuromorphic one-shot learning utilizing a phase-transition material.

Design of hardware based on biological principles of neuronal computation and plasticity in the brain is a leading approach to realizing energy- and sample-efficient AI and learning machines. An important factor in selection of the hardware building blocks is the identification of candidate materials with physical properties suitable to emulate the large dynamic ranges and varied timescales of neuronal signaling. Previous work has shown that the all-or-none spiking behavior of neurons can be mimicked by threshold switches utilizing material phase transitions.

Modeling denitrification nitrogen losses in China's rice fields based on multiscale field-experiment constraints.

Denitrification plays a critical role in soil nitrogen (N) cycling, affecting N availability in agroecosystems. However, the challenges in direct measurement of denitrification products (NO, N O, and N ) hinder our understanding of denitrification N losses patterns across the spatial scale. To address this gap, we constructed a data-model fusion method to map the county-scale denitrification N losses from China's rice fields over the past decade.

Subnanometer Scale Mapping of Hydrogen Doping in Vanadium Dioxide.

Hydrogen donor doping of correlated electron systems such as vanadium dioxide (VO) profoundly modifies the ground state properties. The electrical behavior of HVO is strongly dependent on the hydrogen concentration; hence, atomic scale control of the doping process is necessary. It is however a nontrivial problem to quantitatively probe the hydrogen distribution in a solid matrix.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) modified metal-organic frameworks boosting carbon dots electrochemiluminescence emission for sensitive miRNA detection.

Highly efficient luminescent materials play an important role in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing systems. Herein, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) modified carbon dots (CDs)/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) compositing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials with excellent luminescence performance were prepared as the ECL emitters for biosensing application. In this novel ternary composites, CDs were used as emitters, ZIF-8 was used as a carrier, and the luminescent performance was finally improved by introducing PEDOT:PSS to improve the conductivity of the nanomaterials.

A MnO nanosheet-mediated CRISPR/Cas12a system for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water.

Nowadays, easy, convenient, and sensitive sensing strategies are still critical for organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. Herein, a novel organophosphorus pesticide (OP) assay based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a MnO nanosheet-mediated CRISPR/Cas12a reaction is reported. The single-strand DNA (ssDNA) activator of CRISPR/Cas12a was simply adsorbed on the MnO nanosheets as the nanoswitches of the assay.

Spatial Interactions in Hydrogenated Perovskite Nickelate Synaptic Networks.

A key aspect of how the brain learns and enables decision-making processes is through synaptic interactions. Electrical transmission and communication in a network of synapses are modulated by extracellular fields generated by ionic chemical gradients. Emulating such spatial interactions in synthetic networks can be of potential use for neuromorphic learning and the hardware implementation of artificial intelligence.

DOT1L bridges transcription and heterochromatin formation at mammalian pericentromeres.

Repetitive DNA elements are packaged in heterochromatin, but many require bursts of transcription to initiate and maintain long-term silencing. The mechanisms by which these heterochromatic genome features are transcribed remain largely unknown. Here, we show that DOT1L, a conserved histone methyltransferase that modifies lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79), has a specialized role in transcription of major satellite repeats to maintain pericentromeric heterochromatin and genome stability.

Oxide-Derived Bismuth as an Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of Flue Gas.

Post-combustion flue gas (mainly containing 5-40% CO balanced by N ) accounts for about 60% global CO emission. Rational conversion of flue gas into value-added chemicals is still a formidable challenge. Herein, this work reports a β-Bi O -derived bismuth (OD-Bi) catalyst with surface coordinated oxygen for efficient electroreduction of pure CO , N and flue gas.

Selective area doping for Mott neuromorphic electronics.

The cointegration of artificial neuronal and synaptic devices with homotypic materials and structures can greatly simplify the fabrication of neuromorphic hardware. We demonstrate experimental realization of vanadium dioxide (VO) artificial neurons and synapses on the same substrate through selective area carrier doping. By locally configuring pairs of catalytic and inert electrodes that enable nanoscale control over carrier density, volatility or nonvolatility can be appropriately assigned to each two-terminal Mott memory device per lithographic design, and both neuron- and synapse-like devices are successfully integrated on a single chip.

Efficient Probabilistic Computing with Stochastic Perovskite Nickelates.

Probabilistic computing has emerged as a viable approach to solve hard optimization problems. Devices with inherent stochasticity can greatly simplify their implementation in electronic hardware. Here, we demonstrate intrinsic stochastic resistance switching controlled via electric fields in perovskite nickelates doped with hydrogen.

Metallic bismuth nanoclusters confined in micropores for efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide with long-term stability.

Electrochemical reduction of CO to formate via renewable electricity is a cost-effective route. However, the existing bismuth-based electrocatalysts are in oxide form and involve in-situ reduction to metallic bismuth during CO reduction. In this work, we demonstrate a nanocomposite electrocatalyst by confining Bi nanoclusters into porous carbons (Bi NCs@PC).

Negative Differential Resistance in Oxygen-ion Conductor Yttria-stabilized Zirconia for Extreme Environment Electronics.

Oxygen-ion conductors have traditionally been studied in the context of high temperature (≈ 873 to 1773 K) energy conversion and sensor technologies. However, there is growing interest in exploring ion-based electronics for harsh environments (400 to 573 K) that represents an emerging field. Here, we utilize a blocking electrode to modify the interface properties of oxygen-ion conducting yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin film electrochemical cells.

Phosphorus-Doped Graphene Aerogel as Self-Supported Electrocatalyst for CO -to-Ethanol Conversion.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO ) to ethanol is a promising strategy for global warming mitigation and resource utilization. However, due to the intricacy of C─C coupling and multiple proton-electron transfers, CO -to-ethanol conversion remains a great challenge with low activity and selectivity. Herein, it is reported a P-doped graphene aerogel as a self-supporting electrocatalyst for CO reduction to ethanol.

Complex Oxides for Brain-Inspired Computing: A Review.

The fields of brain-inspired computing, robotics, and, more broadly, artificial intelligence (AI) seek to implement knowledge gleaned from the natural world into human-designed electronics and machines. In this review, the opportunities presented by complex oxides, a class of electronic ceramic materials whose properties can be elegantly tuned by doping, electron interactions, and a variety of external stimuli near room temperature, are discussed. The review begins with a discussion of natural intelligence at the elementary level in the nervous system, followed by collective intelligence and learning at the animal colony level mediated by social interactions.

Reconfigurable perovskite nickelate electronics for artificial intelligence.

Reconfigurable devices offer the ability to program electronic circuits on demand. In this work, we demonstrated on-demand creation of artificial neurons, synapses, and memory capacitors in post-fabricated perovskite NdNiO devices that can be simply reconfigured for a specific purpose by single-shot electric pulses. The sensitivity of electronic properties of perovskite nickelates to the local distribution of hydrogen ions enabled these results.

[Effects of soil moisture on microbial processes of soil nitrogen gases production under anaerobic conditions].

Gaseous nitrogen (N) emission [nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO), and nitrogen (N)] is an important pathway of soil N loss. Nitrification and denitrification are the main processes of gaseous N production in soil. However, the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification, co-denitrification, and anammox to gaseous N production remains uncertain.

Wearable Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors on Gloves for Lactate.

Developing a simple and direct approach for interfacing a sensor and a target analyte is of great interest for fields such as medical diagnosis, threat detection, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. Gloves provide a unique interface for sensing applications. Here, we show for the first time the development of wearable carbon nanotube (CNT)-based amperometric biosensors painted onto gloves as a new sensing platform, used here for the determination of lactate.