Back to the Origin: Mechanisms of circRNA-Directed Regulation of Host Genes in Human Disease.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to be pivotal regulators in various human diseases by participating in gene splicing, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and translating into short peptides. As the back-splicing products of pre-mRNAs, many circRNAs can modulate the expression of their host genes through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control via interaction with other molecules. This review provides a detailed summary of these regulatory mechanisms based on the class of molecules that they interact with, which encompass DNA, mRNA, miRNA, and RBPs.

miR-26a/30d/152 are reliable reference genes for miRNA quantification in skin wound age estimation.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that exert their biological functions as negative regulators of gene expression. They are involved in the skin wound healing process with a dynamic expression pattern and can therefore potentially serve as biomarkers for skin wound age estimation. However, no reports have described any miRNAs as suitable reference genes (RGs) for miRNA quantification in wounded skin or samples with post-mortem changes.

Postmortem submersion interval estimation of cadavers recovered from freshwater based on gut microbial community succession.

Microbial community succession during decomposition has been proven to be a useful tool for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Numerous studies have shown that the intestinal microbial community presented chronological changes after death and was stable in terrestrial corpses with different causes of death. However, the postmortem pattern of intestinal microbial community succession in cadavers retrieved from water remains unclear.

Inferring Postmortem Submersion Interval in Rats Found in Water Based on Vitreous Humor Metabolites.

Objectives: The metabolomics technique of LC-MS/MS combined with data analysis was used to detect changes and differences in metabolic profiles in the vitreous humor of early rat carcasses found in water, and to explore the feasibility of its use for early postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation and the cause of death determination.

Methods: The experimental model was established in natural lake water with 100 SD rats were randomly divided into a drowning group (=50) and a postmortem (CO suffocation) immediately submersion group (=50). Vitreous humor was extracted from 10 rats in each group at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h postmortem for metabolomics analyses, of which 8 were used as the training set to build the model, and 2 were used as test set.

A preliminary study on early postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation and cause-of-death discrimination based on nontargeted metabolomics and machine learning algorithms.

Postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation and cause-of-death discrimination of corpses in water have long been challenges in forensic practice. Recently, many studies have linked postmortem metabolic changes with PMI extension, providing a potential strategy for estimating PMSI using the metabolome. Additionally, there is a lack of potential indicators with high sensitivity and specificity for drowning identification.

Film-Stabilizing Attributes of Polymeric Core-Shell Nanoparticles.

Self-organization of nanoparticles into stable, molecularly thin films provides an insightful paradigm for manipulating the manner in which materials interact at nanoscale dimensions to generate unique material assemblies at macroscopic length scales. While prior studies in this vein have focused largely on examining the performance of inorganic or organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), the present work examines the stabilizing attributes of fully organic core-shell microgel (CSMG) NPs composed of a cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDMA) core and a shell of densely grafted, but relatively short-chain, polystyrene (PS) arms. Although PS homopolymer thin films measuring from a few to many nanometers in thickness, depending on the molecular weight, typically dewet rapidly from silica supports at elevated temperatures, spin-coated CSMG NP films measuring as thin as 10 nm remain stable under identical conditions for at least 72 h.

Preparation of N2/CO2 triggered reversibly coagulatable and redispersible latexes by emulsion polymerization of styrene with a reactive switchable surfactant.

This work reports the development of a reversibly coagulatable and redispersible polystyrene latex system that can be triggered by N(2)/CO(2). The coagulatability and redispersibility of the latexes were achieved by employing 0.9-5.