Fabrication of Ultrahigh-Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO to CH Under Neutral Conditions.

Synthesis of high-loading atomic-level dispersed catalysts for highly efficient electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR) to ethylene (CH) in neutral electrolyte remain challenging tasks. To address common aggregation issues, a host-guest strategy is employed, by using a metal-azolate framework (MAF-4) with nanocages as the host and a dinuclear Cu(I) complex as the guest, to form precursors for pyrolysis into a series of nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NPCs) with varying loadings of dual copper sites, namely NPC-Cu-21 (21.2 wt%), NPC-Cu-11 (10.

Multi-omic Analyses Shed Light on The Genetic Control of High-altitude Adaptation in Sheep.

Sheep were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and then spread globally, where they have been encountering various environmental conditions. The Tibetan sheep has adapted to high altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past 3000 years. To explore genomic variants associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan sheep, we analyzed Illumina short-reads of 994 whole genomes representing ∼ 60 sheep breeds/populations at varied altitudes, PacBio High fidelity (HiFi) reads of 13 breeds, and 96 transcriptomes from 12 sheep organs.

Efficient Capture and Electroreduction of Dilute CO into Highly Pure and Concentrated Formic Acid Aqueous Solution.

High-purity CO rather than dilute CO (15 vol %, CO/N/O = 15:80:5, v/v/v) similar to the flue gas is currently used as the feedstock for the electroreduction of CO, and the liquid products are usually mixed up with the cathode electrolyte, resulting in high product separation costs. In this work, we showed that a microporous conductive Bi-based metal-organic framework (, HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) can not only efficiently capture CO from the dilute CO under high humidity but also catalyze the electroreduction of the adsorbed CO into formic acid with a high current density of 80 mA cm and a Faradaic efficiency of 90% at a very low cell voltage of 2.6 V.

The therapeutic effect of radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy compared to radiotherapy alone in patients with simple brain metastasis after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) plus systemic therapy (ST) with RT alone in patients with simple brain metastasis (BM) after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Methods: The patients were treated at a single center from January 2011 to January 2022. BM only without metastases to other organs was defined as simple BM.

Continuously Producing Highly Concentrated and Pure Acetic Acid Aqueous Solution via Direct Electroreduction of CO.

It is crucial to achieve continuous production of highly concentrated and pure C chemicals through the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR) for artificial carbon cycling, yet it has remained unattainable until now. Despite one-pot tandem catalysis (dividing the eCORR to C into two catalytical reactions of CO to CO and CO to C) offering the potential for significantly enhancing reaction efficiency, its mechanism remains unclear and its performance is unsatisfactory. Herein, we selected different CO-to-CO catalysts and CO-to-acetate catalysts to construct several tandem catalytic systems for the eCORR to acetic acid.

Simultaneous Capture of CO Boosting Its Electroreduction in the Micropores of a Metal-organic Framework.

Integration of CO capture capability from simulated flue gas and electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCO RR) active sites into a catalyst is a promising cost-effective strategy for carbon neutrality, but is of great difficulty. Herein, combining the mixed gas breakthrough experiments and eCO RR tests, we showed that an Ag cluster-based metal-organic framework (1-NH , aka Ag bpy-NH ), simultaneously possessing CO capture sites as "CO relays" and eCO RR active sites, can not only utilize its micropores to efficiently capture CO from simulated flue gas (CO  : N =15 : 85, at 298 K), but also catalyze eCO RR of the adsorbed CO into CO with an ultra-high CO conversion of 60 %. More importantly, its eCO RR performance (a Faradaic efficiency (CO) of 96 % with a commercial current density of 120 mA cm at a very low cell voltage of -2.

Dicopper(I) Sites Confined in a Single Metal-Organic Layer Boosting the Electroreduction of CO to CH in a Neutral Electrolyte.

It is challenging and important to achieve high performance for an electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR) to yield CH under neutral conditions. So far, most of the reported active sites for eCORR to yield CH are single metal sites; the performances are far below the commercial requirements. Herein, we reported a nanosheet metal-organic layer in single-layer, namely, [Cu(obpy)] (, Hobpy = 1-[2,2']bipyridinyl-6-one), possessing dicopper(I) sites for eCORR to yield CH in a neutral aqueous solution.

Space-Confined Guest Synthesis to Fabricate Sn-Monodispersed N-Doped Mesoporous Host toward Anode-Free Na Batteries.

Severe issues including volume change and dendrite growth on sodium metal anodes hinder the pursuit of applicable high-energy-density sodium metal batteries. Herein, an in situ reaction approach is developed that takes metal-organic frameworks as nano-reactor and pore-former to produce a mesoporous host comprised of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers embedded with monodispersed Sn clusters (SnNCNFs). The hybrid host shows outstanding sodiophilicity that enables rapid Na infusion and ultralow Na nucleation overpotential of 2 mV.

Nonlinear Optical Glass-Ceramic From a New Polar Phase-Transition Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Crystal.

Melt-quenched glasses of organic-inorganic hybrid crystals, i.e., hybrid glasses, have attracted increasing attention as an emerging class of hybrid materials with beneficial processability and formability in the past years.

A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO to CH at Industrial Current Density.

Inorganic solids are a kind of important catalysts, and their activities usually come from sparse active sites, which are structurally different from inactive bulk. Therefore, the rational optimization of activity depends on studying these active sites. Copper is a widely used catalyst and is expected to be a promising catalyst for the electroreduction of CO to CH.

Rational Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electroreduction of CO to Hydrocarbons and Carbon Oxygenates.

Since CO can be reutilized by using renewable electricity in form of product diversity, electrochemical CO reduction (ECR) is expected to be a burgeoning strategy to tackle environmental problems and the energy crisis. Nevertheless, owing to the limited selectivity and reaction efficiency for a single component product, ECR is still far from a large-scale application. Therefore, designing high performance electrocatalysts is the key objective in CO conversion and utilization.

Single-Product Faradaic Efficiency for Electrocatalytic of CO to CO at Current Density Larger than 1.2 A cm in Neutral Aqueous Solution by a Single-Atom Nanozyme.

Electroreduction of CO to CO is a promising approach for the cycling use of CO , while it still suffers from impractical current density and durability. Here we report a single-atom nanozyme (Ni-N -C) that achieves industrial-scale performance for CO -to-CO conversion with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeded 97 % over -0.8--2.

Codoped porous carbon nanofibres as a potassium metal host for nonaqueous K-ion batteries.

Potassium metal is an appealing alternative to lithium as an alkali metal anode for future electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the use of potassium metal is hindered by the growth of unfavourable deposition (e.g.

A Porous π-π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO to C Products.

Crystalline porous materials sustained by supramolecular interactions (, π-π stacking interactions) are a type of molecular crystals showing considerable stability, but their applications are rarely reported due to the high difficulty of their construction. Herein, a stable π-π stacking framework formed by a trinuclear copper(I) compound [Cu(HBtz)(Btz)Cl] (, HBtz = benzotriazole) with pyrazolate-bridged dicopper(I) sites is reported and employed for electrochemical CO reduction, showing an impressive performance of 73.7 ± 2.

A Stable and Conductive Covalent Organic Framework with Isolated Active Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Acetate.

Electroreduction of CO to acetate provides a promising strategy to reduce CO emissions and store renewable energy, but acetate is usually a by-product. Here, we show a stable and conductive two-dimensional phthalocyanine-based covalent-organic framework (COF) as an electrocatalyst for reduction of CO to acetate with a single-product Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.3(2)% at -0.

Optimization of dialdehyde soluble soybean polysaccharide: preparation by response surface methodology for cleaner leather tanning.

Leather is widely used in daily necessities, such as shoes and bags. Traditional chrome tanning might produce leathers with excellent mechanical and thermal properties but gives rise to problems, such as environmental pollution. To find an ecological alternative for chrome-tanning agents, soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) was oxidized by sodium periodate to yield dialdehyde soluble soybean polysaccharide (DPA).

A Cu(111)@metal-organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO electroreduction to CH.

Here, we report an improved tandem catalytic mechanism for electroreduction of CO to CH. Cu(111) nanoparticles with an average size of 5.5 ± 0.

Electrostatic Attraction-Driven Assembly of a Metal-Organic Framework with a Photosensitizer Boosts Photocatalytic CO Reduction to CO.

Reducing CO into fuels via photochemical reactions relies on highly efficient photocatalytic systems. Herein, we report a new and efficient photocatalytic system for CO reduction. Driven by electrostatic attraction, an anionic metal-organic framework (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) as host and a cationic photosensitizer [Ru(phen)] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) as guest were self-assembled into a photocatalytic system , which showed high activity for photocatalytic CO reduction under laboratory light source (CO production rate of 130(5) mmol g h, selectivity of 92.

Highly Selective CO Electroreduction to CH Using a Metal-Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites.

Conversion from CO to CH is important for the development of energy and the environment, but the high energy barrier of hydrogenation of the *CO intermediate and C-C coupling step tend to result in C compounds as the main product and thus restrict the generation of CH. Here, we report a metal-organic framework (denoted as ), composed of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-cyaninato)copper(II) (PcCu-(OH)) ligands and the square-planar CuO nodes, as the electrocatalyst for CO to CH. Compared with the discrete molecular copper-phthalocyanine (Faradaic efficiency (FE) of CH = 25%), exhibits much higher performance for electrocatalytic reduction of CO to CH with a FE of 50(1)% and a current density of 7.

Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthetic Strategies and Emerging Applications.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention over the past two decades due to their highly promising applications not only in the fields of gas storage, separation, catalysis, drug delivery, and sensors, but also in relatively new fields such as electric, magnetic, and optical materials resulting from their extremely high surface areas, open channels and large pore cavities compared with traditional porous materials like carbon and inorganic zeolites. Particularly, MOFs involving pores within the mesoscopic scale possess unique textural properties, leading to a series of research in the design and applications of mesoporous MOFs. Unlike previous Reviews, apart from focusing on recent advances in the synthetic routes, unique characteristics and applications of mesoporous MOFs, this Review also mentions the derivatives, composites, and hierarchical MOF-based systems that contain mesoporosity, and technical boundaries and challenges brought by the drawbacks of mesoporosity.

Ultra-high-frequency microwave response from flexible transparent Au electromagnetic metamaterial nanopatterned antenna.

Flexible transparent materials are a hot spot in current research but also a key technical difficulty in industry. They are playing an increasingly important role in flexible transparent display applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, transparent electrodes, and so on. On the other hand, the present research on nanopatterned antennas is mainly concentrated on the optical frequency but rarely on the microwave (such as 3G, 4G, and 5G) and terahertz frequency band communications, where nanopatterned antennas can have many novel applications.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Chinese forest soil: Will combustion become a major source?

We collected O- and A-horizon soil samples in 26 Chinese mountainous forests to investigate the content, spatial pattern, and potential sources of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Spatial patterns were influenced mainly by the approximation to sources and soil organic contents. High concentrations often occurred close to populated or industrialized areas.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and vegetation near an e-waste recycling site in South China: concentration, distribution, source, and risk assessment.

This study determined the concentrations of PAHs generated from e-waste recycling activities and their potential impacts on soil, vegetation, and human health. The total PAH concentrations in soils and plants ranged from 127 to 10,600 and 199 to 2420 ng/g, respectively. Samples from an e-waste burning site had higher PAH concentrations than samples from adjacent locations.