Molecular understanding of the effect of hydrogen on graphene growth by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) provides a low-temperature, highly-efficient, and catalyst-free route to fabricate graphene materials by virtue of the unique properties of plasma. In this paper, we conduct reactive molecular dynamics simulations to theoretically study the detailed growth process of graphene by PECVD at the atomic scale. Hydrocarbon radicals with different carbon/hydrogen (C/H) ratios are employed as dissociated precursors in the plasma environment during the growth process.

A quantitative study on three-dimensional pore parameters and physical properties of sodic soils restored by FGD gypsum and leaching water.

The application of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum has been recognized as a feasible measure in enhancing the quality of sodic soils. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of FGD gypsum on three-dimension (3D) pore characteristics is beneficial for understanding the reclamation mechanism of FGD gypsum on sodic soils. We collected intact soil cores from a sodic field at four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) in northern China to reconstruct 3D pore structures using X-ray computed tomography (CT), thus quantifying the effects of FGD gypsum (10.