Unveiling the mechanism of broad-spectrum blast resistance in rice: The collaborative role of transcription factor OsGRAS30 and histone deacetylase OsHDAC1.

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, significantly impacts grain yield, necessitating the identification of broad-spectrum resistance genes and their functional mechanisms for disease-resistant crop breeding. Here, we report that rice with knockdown OsHDAC1 gene expression displays enhanced broad-spectrum blast resistance without effects on plant height and tiller numbers compared to wild-type rice, while rice overexpressing OsHDAC1 is more susceptible to M. oryzae.

The histone deacetylase 1/GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase 2/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 module controls lateral root formation in rice.

Lateral roots (LRs) are a main component of the root system of rice (Oryza sativa) that increases root surface area, enabling efficient absorption of water and nutrients. However, the molecular mechanism regulating LR formation in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we report that histone deacetylase 1 (OsHDAC1) positively regulates LR formation in rice.

Histone acetylation of 45S rDNA correlates with disrupted nucleolar organization during heat stress response in Zea mays L.

The role of the nucleolus in plant response to heat stress remains largely obscure. Our current efforts focused on exploring the underlying mechanism by which nucleolar disorganization is regulated in heat stressed-maize lines. Here, two maize lines, a heat-sensitive line, ZD958, and a heat-tolerant line, ZDH, were submitted to heat stress for investigating their association with the nucleolar disruption.

Characteristic and evolution of HAT and HDAC genes in Gramineae genomes and their expression analysis under diverse stress in Oryza sativa.

Comprehensive characterization of Gramineae HATs and HDACs reveals their conservation and variation. The recent WGD/SD gene pairs in the CBP and RPD/HDA1 gene family may confer specific adaptive evolutionary changes. Expression of OsHAT and OsHDAC genes provides a new vision in different aspects of development and response to diverse stress.

Dynamic changes in histone modification are associated with upregulation of Hsf and rRNA genes during heat stress in maize seedlings.

Histone modification plays a significant role in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, there are little scientific studies available on the involvement of dynamic changes in histone modification in the heat stress response in maize. The present investigation was aimed to analyze the epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating the physiological and biochemical alterations in maize seedlings under heat stress.

Histone Deacetylase Is Required for GA-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Maize Aleurone Layers.

Recent discoveries have shown that epigenetic regulation is an integral part of phytohormone-mediated processes. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) triggers a series of events in cereal aleurone cells that lead to programmed cell death (PCD), but the signaling cascade mediating GA-induced PCD in cereal aleurone layers remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity gradually increased relative to histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, leading to a global decrease in histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels during PCD of maize () embryoless aleurone layers after 3 d of treatment with GA.

Histone acetylation is involved in GA-mediated 45S rDNA decondensation in maize aleurone layers.

The aleurone layer is crucial to seed germination. Using dissected aleurone layers, we found that GA increased histone acetylation accompanied by rDNA decondensation in aleurone layers during maize seed germination. Aleurone layers play an important role in cereal seed germination.

5-Azacytidine specifically inhibits the NIH-3T3 PCD process induced by TNF-alpha and cycloheximide via affecting BCL-XL.

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in lots of biological processes and cancer. 5-azacytidine (5-AC), a DNA methylation inhibitor, has been used as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. In this study, we used 5-AC treatment to investigate whether DNA methylation was involved in regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells which could undergo PCD after treatment with TNF-α and cycloheximide (CHX).

Overexpression of Ribosomal RNA in the Development of Human Cervical Cancer Is Associated with rDNA Promoter Hypomethylation.

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene encodes rRNA for protein synthesis. Aberrant expression of the rRNA gene has been generally observed in tumor cells and levels of its promoter methylation as an epigenetic regulator affect rRNA gene transcription. The possible relationship between expression and promoter methylation of rDNA has not been examined in human clinical cervical cancer.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes.

As an engineered nanomaterial, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used frequently in biological applications and can make contact with human skin. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of ZnO NPs on non-tumorigenic human epidermal keratinocytes, which were used as a test model for this in vitro study, at the epigenetic and molecular levels. Our results showed that ZnO NPs induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint before the viability of human epidermal keratinocytes was reduced, which was associated with the chromatin changes at the epigenetic level, including increased methylation of histone H3K9 and decreased acetylation of histone H4K5 accompanied by chromatin condensation at 24 hours.

Single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes promote rice root growth by eliciting the similar molecular pathways and epigenetic regulation.

Organisms are constantly exposed to environmental stimuli and have evolved mechanisms of protection and adaptation. Various effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on crops have been described and some results confirm that NPs could enhance plant growth at the physiological and genetic levels. This study comparatively analysed the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on rice growth.

Histone Modification Is Involved in Okadaic Acid (OA) Induced DNA Damage Response and G2-M Transition Arrest in Maize.

Histone modifications are involved in regulation of chromatin structure. To investigate the relationship between chromatin modification and cell cycle regulation during plant cell proliferation, Okadaic acid (OA), a specific inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatase, was applied in this study. The results showed that OA caused the cell cycle arrest at preprophase, leading to seedling growth inhibition.

Cell cycle arrest induced by inhibitors of epigenetic modifications in maize (Zea mays) seedling leaves: characterization of the process and possible mechanisms involved.

Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in the regulation of chromatin architecture and are involved in cell cycle progression, including mitosis and meiosis. To explore the relationship between epigenetic modifications and the cell cycle, we treated maize (Zea mays) seedlings with six different epigenetic modification-related inhibitors and identified the postsynthetic phase (G2 ) arrest via flow cytometry analysis. Total H4K5ac levels were significantly increased and the distribution of H3S10ph signalling was obviously changed in mitosis under various treatments.

Histone acetylation and reactive oxygen species are involved in the preprophase arrest induced by sodium butyrate in maize roots.

Histone acetylation plays a critical role in controlling chromatin structure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell cycle progression. To study the relationship between histone acetylation and cell cycle progression in plants, sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that can cause a significant increase in histone acetylation in both mammal and plant genomes, was applied to treat maize seedlings. The results showed that NaB had significant inhibition effects on different root zones at the tissue level and caused cell cycle arrest at preprophase in the root meristem zones.

Histone Acetylation is Involved in Gibberellin-Regulated sodCp Gene Expression in Maize Aleurone Layers.

The cereal aleurone layer plays an important role in seed germination, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aleurone layers act as crucial signal molecules in this progression. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic modification is involved in plant development and seed germination. However, little is known about a possible relationship between histone modification and the ROS signaling pathway in cereal aleurone layers during seed germination.

Epigenetic Changes are Associated with Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heat Stress in Seedling Leaves of Zea mays.

Histone modification plays a crucial role in regulation of chromatin architecture and function, responding to adverse external stimuli. However, little is known about a possible relationship between epigenetic modification and programmed cell death (PCD) in response to environmental stress. Here, we found that heat stress induced PCD in maize seedling leaves which was characterized by chromatin DNA laddering and DNA strand breaks detected by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test.

Transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes in response to abiotic stresses correlates with dynamic changes in histone modifications in maize.

The histone modification level has been shown to be related with gene activation and repression in stress-responsive process, but there is little information on the relationship between histone modification and cell cycle gene expression responsive to environmental cues. In this study, the function of histone modifications in mediating the transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes under various types of stress was investigated in maize (Zea mays L.).

Histone acetylation associated up-regulation of the cell wall related genes is involved in salt stress induced maize root swelling.

Background: Salt stress usually causes crop growth inhibition and yield decrease. Epigenetic regulation is involved in plant responses to environmental stimuli. The epigenetic regulation of the cell wall related genes associated with the salt-induced cellular response is still little known.

Promoter-associated histone acetylation is involved in the osmotic stress-induced transcriptional regulation of the maize ZmDREB2A gene.

Epigenetic modifications play a key role in the transcriptional regulation of stress-induced gene expression in plants. In this study, we showed that the overall acetylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H4 lysine 5 (H4K5) in the genome were increased in maize seedlings after mannitol treatment (to mimic osmotic stress). Mannitol treatment significantly induced the upregulation of the maize osmotic stress responsive gene Zea mays dehydration-responsive element binding protein 2A (ZmDREB2A), whereas abscisic acid (ABA) did not result in the induction of this gene.