Neutrophils: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis and Unlocking New Treatment Horizons.

Neutrophils play a key role in inflammatory responses and thrombosis, but their complex interactions in disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. This review examines the multifaceted roles of neutrophils, focusing on their activation, cytokine release, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contribute to host defense and thrombosis. We discuss the interaction between inflammation and coagulation, the direct effect of neutrophils on thrombus stability, and their involvement in pathological thrombotic diseases.

A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles on corticospinal tract regeneration from 2004 to 2024.

Objective: Here, bibliometric and visual analytical techniques were employed to assess the key features of the 100 most cited publications concerning corticospinal tract (CST) regeneration.

Methods: Research was conducted within the Web of Science Core Collection to pinpoint the 100 most cited publications on CST regeneration. From these, comprehensive data encompassing titles, authorship, key terms, publication venues, release timelines, geographic origins, and institutional affiliations were extracted, followed by an in-depth bibliometric examination.

Distinct serial dependence between small and large numerosity processing.

The serial dependence effect (SDE) is a perceptual bias where current stimuli are perceived as more similar to recently seen stimuli, possibly enhancing the stability and continuity of visual perception. Although SDE has been observed across many visual features, it remains unclear whether humans rely on a single mechanism of SDE to support numerosity processing across two distinct numerical ranges: subitizing (i.e.

Microstructural asymmetries of the planum temporale predict functional lateralization of auditory-language processing.

Structural hemispheric asymmetry has long been assumed to guide functional lateralization of the human brain, but empirical evidence for this compelling hypothesis remains scarce. Recently, it has been suggested that microstructural asymmetries may be more relevant to functional lateralization than macrostructural asymmetries. To investigate the link between microstructure and function, we analyzed multimodal MRI data in 907 right-handed participants.

Identification of immune microenvironment subtypes and clinical risk biomarkers for osteoarthritis based on a machine learning model.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a high incidence worldwide. Most affected patients do not exhibit obvious discomfort symptoms or imaging findings until OA progresses, leading to irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Therefore, developing new diagnostic biomarkers that can reflect articular cartilage injury is crucial for the early diagnosis of OA.

Environmental damping and vibrational coupling of confined fluids within isolated carbon nanotubes.

Because of their large surface areas, nanotubes and nanowires demonstrate exquisite mechanical coupling to their surroundings, promising advanced sensors and nanomechanical devices. However, this environmental sensitivity has resulted in several ambiguous observations of vibrational coupling across various experiments. Herein, we demonstrate a temperature-dependent Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) frequency in free-standing, electron-diffraction-assigned Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) that shows an unexpected and thermally reversible frequency downshift of 10 to 15%, for systems isolated in vacuum.

[Effectiveness analysis of double EndoButton suture fixation Latarjet procedure for treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation with glenoid bone defect caused by military training injuries].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of double EndoButton suture fixation Latarjet procedure in the treatment of shoulder anterior dislocation with glenoid bone defect caused by military training injuries.

Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with anterior shoulder dislocation with glenoid bone defect due to military training injuries who met the selection criteria and admitted between August 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were male, the age ranged from 21 to 38 years, with an average of 26.

Reactivity-Tunable Fluorescent Platform for Selective and Biocompatible Modification of Cysteine or Lysine.

Chemoselective modification of specific residues within a given protein poses a significant challenge, as the microenvironment of amino acid residues in proteins is variable. Developing a universal molecular platform with tunable chemical warheads can provide powerful tools for precisely labeling specific amino acids in proteins. Cysteine and lysine are hot targets for chemoselective modification, but current cysteine/lysine-selective warheads face challenges due to cross-reactivity and unstable reaction products.

Reprogramming of astrocytes and glioma cells into neurons for central nervous system repair and glioblastoma therapy.

Central nervous system (CNS) damage is usually irreversible owing to the limited regenerative capability of neurons. Following CNS injury, astrocytes are reactively activated and are the key cells involved in post-injury repair mechanisms. Consequently, research on the reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons could provide new directions for the restoration of neural function after CNS injury and in the promotion of recovery in various neurodegenerative diseases.

Role of histone modifications in neurogenesis and neurodegenerative disease development.

Progressive neuronal dysfunction and death are key features of neurodegenerative diseases; therefore, promoting neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases is crucial. With advancements in proteomics and high-throughput sequencing technology, it has been demonstrated that histone post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) are often altered during neurogenesis when the brain is affected by disease or external stimuli and that the degree of histone modification is closely associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aimed to show the regulatory role of histone modifications in neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases by discussing the changing patterns and functional significance of histone modifications, including histone methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and lactylation.

Competition mode and soil nutrient status shape the role of soil microbes in the diversity-invasibility relationship.

Understanding the relationship between plant diversity and invasibility is essential in invasion ecology. Species-rich communities are hypothesized to be more resistant to invasions than species-poor communities. However, while soil microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating this diversity-invasibility relationship, the effects of plant competition mode and soil nutrient status on their role remain unclear.

Reduction of Li within a borate anion.

Group 1 elements exhibit the lowest electronegativity values in the Periodic Table. The chemical reduction of Group 1 metal cations M to M(0) is extremely challenging. Common tetraaryl borates demonstrate limited redox properties and are prone to decomposition upon oxidation.

Neutral and Anionic Diboron Compounds Bearing Electron-Precise B-B Bond.

Electron-precise B-B bonded compounds are valuable reagents in organic syntheses, which can be used as key starting material for the synthesis of functionalized organoboranes. Bis(pinacolato)diborane(4) B pin and its derivatives are among the most studied diboron species. However, their B-B bonds usually need to be activated by transition metal catalysts or bases for further transformations.

Imaging the electron charge density in monolayer MoS at the Ångstrom scale.

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) has recently gained widespread attention for its ability to image atomic electric fields with sub-Ångstrom spatial resolution. These electric field maps represent the integrated effect of the nucleus, core electrons and valence electrons, and separating their contributions is non-trivial. In this paper, we utilized simultaneously acquired 4D-STEM center of mass (CoM) images and annular dark field (ADF) images to determine the projected electron charge density in monolayer MoS.

Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores.

Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores.

Trace photoacoustic SO gas sensor in SF utilizing a 266 nm UV laser and an acousto-optic power stabilizer.

A sulfur dioxide (SO) gas sensor based on the photoacoustic spectroscopy technology in a sulfur hexafluoride (SF) gas matrix was demonstrated for SF decomposition components monitoring in the power system. A passive Q-switching laser diode (LD) pumped all-solid-state 266 nm deep-ultraviolet laser was exploited as the laser excitation source. The photoacoustic signal amplitude is linear related to the incident optical power, whereas, a random laser power jitter is inevitable since the immature laser manufacturing technology in UV spectral region.

mTOR participates in the formation, maintenance, and function of memory CD8T cells regulated by glycometabolism.

Memory CD8T cells participate in the fight against infection and tumorigenesis as well as in autoimmune disease progression because of their efficient and rapid immune response, long-term survival, and continuous differentiation. At each stage of their formation, maintenance, and function, the cell metabolism must be adjusted to match the functional requirements of the specific stage. Notably, enhanced glycolytic metabolism can generate sufficient levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form memory CD8T cells, countering the view that glycolysis prevents the formation of memory CD8T cells.

Multi-element co-doped biomass porous carbon with uniform cellular pores as a supercapacitor electrode material to realise high value-added utilisation of agricultural waste.

Biomass-based porous carbon materials have attracted considerable attention because of their simple, low-cost, green, and pollution-free preparation process. Owing to their unique tubular structure and subsequent activation process, they often have a well-developed pore structure. Biomass-based carbon materials with three-dimensional hierarchical pores and polyatomic doping are regarded as promising electrode materials in the field of energy storage.

Physicochemical, structural and functional properties of protein isolates and major protein fractions from common vetch (Vicia sativa L.).

Common vetch (CV), a leguminous crop cultivated for green manure and fodder rich in protein and starch, is widespread over much area of the northern hemisphere. Its seeds can be used as a protein source to human consumption. CV protein isolates (CVPI) and major protein fractions (CV albumin protein, CVAP; CV globulin protein, CVGP; CV glutelin protein, CVGTP) from 4 samples were investigated the properties to facilitate full use of protein resources.

A new route for controlling the microstructure and properties of carbon aerogels sol-gel and impregnation methods.

A new route to control the microstructure and properties of carbon aerogels vacuum impregnation is presented. The results show that the enhanced carbon aerogels exhibit uniform pore size distribution (∼50 nm), a high compressive strength of 77.0 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of 0.

High-power cylindrical vector beams generated from an all-fiber linearly polarized laser by metasurface extracavity conversion.

Five-hundred-watt cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) at 1030 nm with the 3 dB linewidth being less than 0.25 nm have been generated from a narrow linewidth all-fiber linearly polarized laser by metasurface extracavity conversion. At maximum output power, the transmission efficiency and polarization extinction ratio of radially polarized cylindrical vector beams (RP-CVBs) are beyond 98% and 95%, respectively.

Engineered T Cell Therapy for Gynecologic Malignancies: Challenges and Opportunities.

Gynecologic malignancies, mainly including ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, are leading causes of death among women worldwide with high incidence and mortality rate. Recently, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) using engineered T cells redirected by genes which encode for tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has demonstrated a delightful potency in B cell lymphoma treatment. Researches impelling ACT to be applied in treating solid tumors like gynecologic tumors are ongoing.

Experimental investigation of quasi-static mode degradation in a high power large mode area fiber amplifier.

In this work, quasi-static mode degradation in high power fiber amplifiers has been investigated experimentally. An increase of M from 1.3 to 2.

Photoabsorption Imaging at Nanometer Scales Using Secondary Electron Analysis.

Optical imaging with nanometer resolution offers fundamental insights into light-matter interactions. Traditional optical techniques are diffraction limited with a spatial resolution >100 nm. Optical super-resolution and cathodoluminescence techniques have higher spatial resolutions, but these approaches require the sample to fluoresce, which many materials lack.