Advances in the joint profiling technologies of 5mC and 5hmC.

DNA cytosine methylation, a crucial epigenetic modification, involves the dynamic interplay of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidized form, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), generated by ten-eleven translocation (TET) DNA dioxygenases. This process is central to regulating gene expression, influencing critical biological processes such as development, disease progression, and aging. Recognizing the distinct functions of 5mC and 5hmC, researchers often employ restriction enzyme-based or chemical treatment methods for their simultaneous measurement from the same genomic sample.

G-quadruplexes on chromosomal DNA negatively regulates topoisomerase 1 activity.

Human DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1) is a crucial enzyme responsible for alleviating torsional stress on DNA during transcription and replication, thereby maintaining genome stability. Previous researches had found that non-working Top1 interacted extensively with chromosomal DNA in human cells. However, the reason for its retention on chromosomal DNA remained unclear.

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting Quinazolinone-Based Lipophilic Probe for Specific Photoinduced Ferroptosis and Its Induced Lipid Dynamic Regulation.

Lethal lipid peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species occurs in different types of programmed cell death, especially in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis inducers, which serve as small-molecule probes, can provide insight into the mechanism of ferroptosis and facilitate drug discovery. The classical ferroptosis inducers indirectly lead to lipid peroxidation; thus, it is difficult to explore lipid regulation during the ferroptotic process.

Thionation toward High-Contrast ACQ-DIE Probes by Reprogramming the Aqueous Segregation Behavior: Enlightenment from a Sulfur-Substituted G-Quadruplex Ligand.

Small-molecule-based fluorescent chemosensors provide powerful tools for analytical chemistry. However, their organic essence often "cursed" them for aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in an aqueous context. Albeit the praxis of the disaggregation-induced emission (DIE) strategy as a potential solution, it still awaited improvement due to the uncontrollability of the aggregation/segregation process.