Recent advances in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide-based antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines.

Glycoconjugate vaccines are a vital category of effective and safe commercial vaccines that have significantly reduced the global prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections. These vaccines are synthesized by covalently linking bacterial polysaccharide antigens to a carrier protein. Given that they produce a stronger and longer-lasting immune response than pure polysaccharides that activate only B cells, glycoconjugate vaccines have become one of the most promising vaccine types.

Correlation between ligand-mediated silver species on TiO nanosheet with the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities.

Metal oxide photocatalysts loaded with metal species are extremely important in photocatalysis. The physicochemical states of metal species, as well as the interaction between metal species and support, determine the transfer of charge carriers between the heterointerface, which has a significant impact on photocatalytic activity. Here, we prepared anatase TiO nanosheets (TIO) modified with different Ag species, including single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles, using a ligand-mediated method.

Dual-site and carbon-ring moiety modulation of polymeric carbon nitride for improved cooperative photocatalysis.

The conjugated structure of graphitic polymeric carbon nitrides (GPCNs) has low efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production, due to the electronic properties, band structure, and surface-active-sites. Herein, boron and carbon-ring modified GPCNs were synthesized with via a thermal condensation method, using melamine and phenylboronic acid as raw materials. The introduced boron atom, conjugated to the carbon atom in the heptazine moiety, and the adjacent nitrogen vacancy (V) formed a dual-site, which not only modified the electronic properties but also promoted the adsorption and activation of molecular dioxygen; The carbon-ring introduced altered the band structure and electron distribution, which was proved by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Selective activation of dioxygen to singlet oxygen over La-Si co-doped TiO microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are highly harmful to human beings and other organisms, and thus the elimination of VOCs is extremely urgent. Here, La-Si co-doped TiO microsphere photocatalysts, which were prepared by a hydrothermal method, exhibited high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of formaldehyde compared with TiO. The improved activity can be attributed to the promoted separation efficiency and density of the charge carriers, as verified by the electrochemical results in combination with density functional theory calculations.

A Theoretical View of Linear Backpropagation and its Convergence.

Backpropagation (BP) is widely used for calculating gradients in deep neural networks (DNNs). Applied often along with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or its variants, BP is considered as a de-facto choice in a variety of machine learning tasks including DNN training and adversarial attack/defense. Recently, a linear variant of BP named LinBP was introduced for generating more transferable adversarial examples for performing black-box attacks, by (Guo et al.

Fe-MOF-based fluorescent sensor with on/off capabilities for the highly sensitive detection of tert-butylhydroquinone in edible oils.

In this work, a "turn off-on" fluorescent sensor was developed for highly sensitive determination of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) based on an Fe(III)-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF). An Fe-MOF with an octahedral structure was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method using ferric chloride hexahydrate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH-BDC) as raw materials. The fluorescence of Fe-MOF is extremely weak owing to ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and internal filtration effect (IFE).

The non-Hermitian geometrical property of 1D Lieb lattice under Majorana's stellar representation.

The topological properties of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is a hot topic, and the theoretical studies along this research line are usually based on the two-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (or, equivalently, a spin-1/2 non-Hermitian Hamiltonian). We are motivated to study the geometrical phases of a three-level Lieb lattice model (or, equivalently, a spin-1 non-Hermitian Hamiltonian) with the flat band in the context of a polariton condensate. The topological invariants are calculated by both winding numbers in the Brillouin zone and the geometrical phase of Majorana stars on the Bloch sphere.

The Exact Curve Equation for Majorana Stars.

Majorana stars are visual representation for a quantum pure state. For some states, the corresponding majorana stars are located on one curve on the Block sphere. However, it is lack of exact curve equations for them.

Correlation of iron deposition and change of gliocyte metabolism in the basal ganglia region evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging techniques: an in vivo study.

Introduction: We assessed the correlation between iron deposition and the change of gliocyte metabolism in healthy subjects' basal ganglia region, by using 3D-enhanced susceptibility weighted angiography (ESWAN) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS).

Material And Methods: Seventy-seven healthy volunteers (39 female and 38 male subjects; age range: 24-82 years old) were enrolled in the experiment including ESWAN and proton MRS sequences, consent for which was provided by themselves or their guardians. For each subject, the mean phase value gained by ESWAN was used to evaluate the iron deposition; choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and mI/Cr ratios gained by (1)H-MRS were used to evaluate gliocyte metabolism in the basal ganglia region of both sides.

Non-adiabatic holonomic quantum computation in linear system-bath coupling.

Non-adiabatic holonomic quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces protects quantum information from control imprecisions and decoherence. For the non-collective decoherence that each qubit has its own bath, we show the implementations of two non-commutable holonomic single-qubit gates and one holonomic nontrivial two-qubit gate that compose a universal set of non-adiabatic holonomic quantum gates in decoherence-free-subspaces of the decoupling group, with an encoding rate of (N - 2)/N. The proposed scheme is robust against control imprecisions and the non-collective decoherence, and its non-adiabatic property ensures less operation time.