Lung specific homing of diphenyleneiodonium chloride improves pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophage M2 metabolic program.

Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disease with a variable and unpredictable course. Effective clinical treatment for PF remains a challenge due to low drug accumulation in lungs and imbalanced polarization of pro/anti-fibrotic macrophages.

Objectives: To identify the alteration of immunometabolism in the pulmonary macrophages and investigate the feasibility of specific inhibition of M2 activation of macrophages as an effective anti-PF strategy in vivo.

Mitochondrial metabolism mediated macrophage polarization in chronic lung diseases.

As the first line of defence in the lung, alveolar macrophage contributes to maintaining lung immune homoeostasis. Characterized by the heterogeneity and plasticity, macrophages polarize into two pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes regarding the biological and pathological environment. In the past decade, numerous studies have revolutionized the relationship between cellular metabolism and macrophage functions.

The Association of Residence Permits on Utilization of Health Care Services by Migrant Workers in China.

Due to the limitations in the verifiability of individual identity, migrant workers have encountered some obstacles in access to public health care services. Residence permits issued by the Chinese government are a solution to address the health care access inequality faced by migrant workers. In principle, migrant workers with residence permits have similar rights as urban locals.