Exploring the ecological meanings of temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration from different methods.

Temperature sensitivity (Q) of ecosystem respiration (R) is a critical parameter for predicting global terrestrial carbon dynamics and its response to climate warming. However, the determination of Q has been controversial. In this study, we scrutinized the underpinnings of three mainstream methods to reveal their relationships in estimating Q for R in the Heihe River Basin, northwest China.

Hybrid Dry and Wet Etching of LiNbO Domain-Wall Memory Devices with 90° Etching Angles and Excellent Electrical Properties.

Ferroelectric domain walls, agile nanoscale interfaces of polar order, can be selectively controlled by electric fields for their position, conformation, and function, which is ultimately the key to realizing novel low-energy memory and computing structures. LiNbO single-crystal domain wall memory has the advantages of high operational speed, high integration density, and virtually unlimited endurance cycles, appearing as a good solution for the next generation of highly miniaturized low-energy memories. However, the etching process poses significant challenges in the nanofabrication and high-density integration of LiNbO domain-wall memories.

Methylamine-assisted growth of uniaxial-oriented perovskite thin films with millimeter-sized grains.

Defects from grain interiors and boundaries of perovskite films cause significant nonradiative recombination energy loss, and thus perovskite films with controlled crystallinity and large grains is critical for improvement of both photovoltaic performance and stability for perovskite-based solar cells. Here, a methylamine (MA) gas-assisted crystallization method is developed for fabrication of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI) perovskite films. In the process, the perovskite film is formed via controlled release of MA0 gas molecules from a liquid intermediate phase MAPbI·xMA.

Deposition of CuBiS₂ on Mesoporous TiO₂ Film for Light Absorber in Solar Cells.

In this report, emplectite (CuBiS₂) semiconductor has been deposited on mesoporous TiO₂ using gas-solid reaction method. For the first time, CuCl₂ and BiCl₃ are solution-coated on mesoporous TiO₂ films, and thereafter reacted with H₂S gas in an H₂S atmosphere. The CuBiS₂ film is further confirmed using X-ray diffraction; thus, demonstrating the pure phase of CuBiS₂.

Ion Exchange/Insertion Reactions for Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells.

The low toxicity, narrow bandgaps, and high charge-carrier mobilities make tin perovskites the most promising light absorbers for low-cost perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the development of the Sn-based PSCs is seriously hampered by the critical issues of poor stability and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to the facile oxidation of Sn to Sn and poor film formability of the perovskite films. Herein, a synthetic strategy is developed for the fabrication of methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI) film via ion exchange/insertion reactions between solid-state SnF and gaseous methylammonium iodide.

A Novel Strategy for Scalable High-Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with New Precursors and Cation Displacement Approach.

Methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI ) have been extensively employed as precursors for solution-processed MAPbI perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the MAPbI perovskite films directly deposited from the precursor solutions, usually suffer from poor surface coverage due to uncontrolled nucleation and crystal growth of the perovskite during the film formation, resulting in low photovoltaic conversion efficiency and poor reproducibility. Herein, propylammonium iodide and PbI are employed as precursors for solution deposition of propylammonium lead iodide (PAPbI ) perovskite film.