A tumor Microenvironment-triggered protein-binding Near-infrared-II Theranostic nanoplatform for Mild-Temperature photothermal therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has gained significant attention as a non-invasive treatment in clinical oncology. However, the translation of PTT into clinical practice remains constrained by three fundamental limitations: acquired thermal tolerance in tumor cells, restricted light penetration depth in biological matrices, and insufficient therapeutic outcomes from single-modality treatment. To address these issues, a strategy for forming in situ complexes between near-infrared-II (NIR-II) photothermal agents and proteins is developed, aimed at damaging protein conformation and enhancing PTT effectiveness.