EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy fine-needle aspiration for histopathological evidence for type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: A single-center retrospective study in China.

Background And Objectives: EUS is recommended for guiding pancreatic tissue acquisition in suspected autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) cases. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the effectiveness between EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) for diagnosing AIP in China. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) specifically for type 1 AIP.

DTX3L-mediated TIRR nuclear export and degradation regulates DNA repair pathway choice and PARP inhibitor sensitivity.

53BP1 plays an important role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and this activity is negatively regulated by its interaction with Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR). However, how the TIRR-53BP1 repair axis is regulated in response to DNA damage remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TIRR is translocated to the cytoplasm and degraded upon DNA damage.

Unconventional Near-Equilibrium Nucleation of Graphene on Si-Terminated SiC(0001) Surface.

The transfer-free character of graphene growth on Silicon Carbide (SiC) makes it compatible with state-of-the-art Si semiconductor technologies for directly fabricating high-end electronics. Although significant progress has been achieved in epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC recently, the underlying nucleation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present a theoretical study to elucidate graphene near-equilibrium nucleation on Si-terminated hexagonal-SiC(0001) surface.

The rheumatoid arthritis gut microbial biobank reveals core microbial species that associate and effect on host inflammation and autoimmune responses.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and influences disease progression. Although molecular and culture-independent studies revealed RA patients harbored a core microbiome and had characteristic bacterial species, the lack of cultured bacterial strains had limited investigations on their functions. This study aimed to establish an RA-originated gut microbial biobank (RAGMB) that covers and further to correlates and validates core microbial species on clinically used and diagnostic inflammation and immune indices.

The factors that influence the diagnostic accuracy and sample adequacy of EUS-guided tissue acquisition for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions.

Background And Objectives: EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is the preferred method to acquire pancreatic cancer (PC) tissues. The factors associated with false-negative outcomes and inadequate samples should be explored to gain an understanding of EUS-TA.

Methods: The patients who underwent EUS-TA for suspected solid PC but whose results were false-negative were analyzed.

High Neural Efficiency in Unconscious Perceptual Processing among Table Tennis Athletes: An Event-Related Potential Study.

Background: Neural efficiency refers to the brain's ability to function with reduced resource expenditure while maintaining high performance levels. Previous research has demonstrated that table tennis athletes have greater neural efficiency at the conscious level. However, it is unknown whether they exhibit greater neural efficiency at the unconscious level.

Homo-Site Nucleation Growth of Twisted Bilayer MoS with Commensurate Angles.

Moiré superlattices, composed of two layers of transition metal dichalcogenides with a relative twist angle, provide a novel platform for exploring the correlated electronic phases and excitonic physics. Here, a gas-flow perturbation chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach is demonstrated to directly grow MoS bilayer with versatile twist angles. It is found that the formation of twisted bilayer MoS homostructures sensitively depends on the gas-flow perturbation modes, correspondingly featuring the nucleation sites of the second layer at the same (homo-site) as or at the different (hetero-site) from that of the first layer.

The application of artificial intelligence in EUS.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an epoch-making technology, among which the 2 most advanced parts are machine learning and deep learning algorithms that have been further developed by machine learning, and it has been partially applied to assist EUS diagnosis. AI-assisted EUS diagnosis has been reported to have great value in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors and chronic pancreatitis, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, esophageal early cancer, biliary tract, and liver lesions. The application of AI in EUS diagnosis still has some urgent problems to be solved.

Design and synthesis of broadband absorption covalent organic framework for efficient artificial photocatalytic amine coupling.

Developing highly active materials that efficiently utilize solar spectra is crucial for photocatalysis, but still remains a challenge. Here, we report a new donor-acceptor (D-A) covalent organic framework (COF) with a wide absorption range from 200 nm to 900 nm (ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light). We find that the thiophene functional group is accurately introduced into the electron acceptor units of TpDPP-Py (TpDPP: 5,5'-(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl)bis(thiophene-2-carbaldehyde), Py: 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene) COFs not only significantly extends its spectral absorption capacity but also endows them with two-photon and three-photon absorption effects, greatly enhancing the utilization rate of sunlight.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the process of CA19-9 production and dynamics of the immune microenvironment between CA19-9 (+) and CA19-9 (-) PDAC.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the main types of malignant tumor of the digestive system, and patient prognosis is affected by difficulties in early diagnosis, poor treatment response, and a high postoperative recurrence rate. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) has been widely used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of PDAC patients. Nevertheless, the production mechanism and potential role of CA19-9 in PDAC progression have not yet been elucidated.

CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity.

DNA replication is a vulnerable cellular process, and its deregulation leads to genomic instability. Here, we demonstrate that chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) binds replication protein A 32-kDa subunit (RPA2) and regulates RPA2 retention at stalled replication forks. CBX3 is recruited to stalled replication forks by RPA2 and inhibits ring finger and WD repeat domain 3 (RFWD3)-facilitated replication restart.

Christensenella strain resources, genomic/metabolomic profiling, and association with host at species level.

The gut commensal bacteria species are negatively associated with many metabolic diseases, and have been seen as promising next-generation probiotics. However, the cultured strain resources were limited, and their beneficial mechanisms for improving metabolic diseases have yet to be explored. In this study, we developed a method that enabled the enrichment and cultivation of strains from fecal samples.

Characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the Mozambique Channel.

The mesoscale eddy characteristics of the Mozambique Warm Current were investigated by detecting and tracking satellite altimetry data from 2010 to 2019. A total of 1,086 eddies were identified in the Mozambique Channel, comprising 509 cyclonic eddies and 577 anticyclonic eddies. The results revealed that the bay area on the northwest coast of Madagascar was the main hotspot of eddy generation, and the mean amplitude and radius of the anticyclonic eddies in the Mozambique Channel were 24.

Biomimetic nanocluster photoreceptors for adaptative circular polarization vision.

Nanoclusters with atomically precise structures and discrete energy levels are considered as nanoscale semiconductors for artificial intelligence. However, nanocluster electronic engineering and optoelectronic behavior have remained obscure and unexplored. Hence, we create nanocluster photoreceptors inspired by mantis shrimp visual systems to satisfy the needs of compact but multi-task vision hardware and explore the photo-induced electronic transport.

The Transfer Dehydrogenation Method Enables a Family of High Crystalline Benzimidazole-linked Cu (II)-phthalocyanine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks Films.

Heterocycle-linked phthalocyanine-based COFs with close-packed π-π conjugated structures are a kind of material with intrinsic electrical conductivity, and they are considered to be candidates for photoelectrical devices. Previous studies have revealed their applications for energy storage, gas sensors, and field-effect transistors. However, their potential application in photodetector is still not fully studied.

Xiashengella succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a succinate-producing bacterium isolated from an anaerobic digestion tank in the family Marinilabiliaceae of the order Bacteroidales.

A strictly anaerobic, motile bacterium, designated as strain Ai-910, was isolated from the sludge of an anaerobic digestion tank in China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative rods. Optimal growth was observed at 38 °C (growth range 25-42 °C), pH 8.

Microplastics are detected in human gallstones and have the ability to form large cholesterol-microplastic heteroaggregates.

Ubiquitous pollution due to microplastics through the food chain is a major cause of various deleterious effects on the human health. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of microplastics and the internal mechanism of microplastics as accelerators of cholelithiasis. Gallstones were collected from 16 patients after cholecystectomy, and microplastics in the gallstones were detected through laser direct infrared and pyrolysis gas chromatographymass spectrometry examinations.

Gut commensal Christensenella minuta modulates host metabolism via acylated secondary bile acids.

A strong correlation between gut microbes and host health has been observed in numerous gut metagenomic cohort studies. However, the underlying mechanisms governing host-microbe interactions in the gut remain largely unknown. Here we report that the gut commensal Christensenella minuta modulates host metabolism by generating a previously undescribed class of secondary bile acids with 3-O-acylation substitution that inhibit the intestinal farnesoid X receptor.

Senescent skeletal muscle fibroadipogenic progenitors recruit and promote M2 polarization of macrophages.

Senescent cells compromise tissue structure and function in older organisms. We recently identified senescent fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) with activated chemokine signaling pathways in the skeletal muscle of old mice, and hypothesized these cells may contribute to the age-associated accumulation of immune cells in skeletal muscle. In this study, through cell-cell communication analysis of skeletal muscle single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we identified unique interactions between senescent FAPs and macrophages, including those mediated by Ccl2 and Spp1.

Co-occurring BRCA2/SPOP Mutations Predict Exceptional Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Sensitivity in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: BRCA2 mutations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) confer sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. However, additional factors predicting PARP inhibitor efficacy in mCRPC are needed. Preclinical studies support a relationship between speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) inactivation and PARP inhibitor sensitivity.

An instant messaging mobile phone application for promoting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: A mixed methods feasibility and piloting randomized controlled trial study.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) is a promising intervention mode for HIV prevention, but little is known about its feasibility and effects in promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).

Methods: We evaluated an instant messaging application using a WeChat-based mini-app to promote PrEP uptake among GBMSM via a mixed-methods design that includes a 12-week, two-arm randomized controlled pilot trial and in-depth progress interviews in Guangzhou, China. Primary outcomes include the number of PrEP initiations, individual-level psychosocial variables related to PrEP initiation, and usability of the PrEP mini-app.

Effects of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Hellen on the north-westward movement of chlorophyll in the northern Mozambique Channel.

An intense tropical cyclone (TC), TC Hellen, occurred in the northern Mozambique Channel on March 27, 2014, and moved from the east coast of the African continent to the northern Madagascar island. TC Hellen dramatically altered the marine environment in the northern Mozambique Channel, resulting in a significant chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) bloom. A giant surface Chl-a northwest-ward movement from the northwest coast of Madagascar Island was first observed after the passage of TC Hellen in the northern Mozambique Channel.