Direct Incorporation of Dinitrogen into an Aliphatic C-H Bond.

The activation of dinitrogen (N) and direct incorporation of its N atom into C-H bonds to create aliphatic C-N compounds remains unresolved. Incompatible conditions between dinitrogen reduction and C-H functionalization make this process extremely challenging. Herein, we report the first example of dinitrogen insertion into an aliphatic C-H bond on the ligand scaffold of a 1,3-propane-bridged [NN]-type dititanium complex.

Fabrication of subunit nanovaccines by physical interaction.

Vaccines can improve the quality of human life by preventing the burden of infectious diseases. Also, vaccination is becoming a powerful medication for preventing and treating tumors. Various vaccines have been developed based on the origin of the antigens.

Generation of Leydig-like cells: approaches, characterization, and challenges.

Testosterone production by Leydig cells (LCs) plays a crucial role in male reproduction. The functional degeneration of LCs can cause testosterone deficiency, ultimately resulting in primary male hypogonadism. Transplantation of exogenous LCs with the ability to produce testosterone in response to the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis could be a promising alternative option to treat male primary hypogonadism.

Localization and oscillation of optical beams in Moiré lattices.

We study the propagation of optical beams in two-dimensional Moiré lattices, and demonstrate position-dependent beam dynamics when a quasi-Bragg condition is satisfied. We show that when the optical beam is incident to a peak of the lattice envelop, an optical Zitterbewegung is obtained. If the optical beam is incident to a node of the envelop, a field localization effect takes place.