A study on pulmonary function in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the pulmonary function of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Methods: A total of 328 children aged 3 to 12 years old who were evaluated for a sleep disorder from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the observation group, classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories based on the apnea hypopnea index. The number of children with mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea is 228, 62, and 28 respectively.

Treatment of Work Type II Congenital First Branchial Cleft Anomalies: A Summary of 35 Cases.

This study aims to summarize the data and treatment of 35 children with Work type II congenital first branchial cleft anomalies (CFBCAs) to provide significant insights into the correlation between these anomalies and the facial nerve. A total of 35 children diagnosed with Work type II CFBCAs who received treatment at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from August 2017 to March 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine the relationship between clinical characteristics and the location of the lesion, which included the superficial and deep surfaces as well as the area between the branches of the facial nerve.

Tracheostomy-Assisted Foreign Body Removal: Insights From a Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Foreign body aspiration into the trachea is a common occurrence in children. While most foreign bodies in the airways can be removed using rigid tracheoscopy, there are instances where tracheostomy or tracheotomy is needed. This article presents a series of cases in which tracheostomy was necessary to remove foreign bodies, and summarizes the relevant experiences and lessons learned.

Computational Analysis of Vibrational Spectra of Hydrogen Bonds in sII and sH Gas Hydrates.

The amount of energy in natural gas hydrates is thought to be equivalent to twice that of all other fossil fuels combined. However, economic and safe energy recovery has remained a challenge till now. To develop a novel method of breaking the hydrogen bonds (HBs) surrounding the trapped gas molecules, we investigated the vibrational spectra of the HBs of gas hydrates with structure types II and H.

Clinical features of Kawasaki disease initially mimicking retropharyngeal abscess: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD) initially presenting as retropharyngeal abnormality is very rare and is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, often leading to poor prognosis. Most patients were misdiagnosed with retropharyngeal abscesses. Here, we describe and compare IKD patients initially presenting with retropharyngeal abnormalities, typical KD patients without retropharyngeal abnormalities and retropharyngeal abscess patients.

Stability-limiting heterointerfaces of perovskite photovoltaics.

Optoelectronic devices consist of heterointerfaces formed between dissimilar semiconducting materials. The relative energy-level alignment between contacting semiconductors determinately affects the heterointerface charge injection and extraction dynamics. For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the heterointerface between the top perovskite surface and a charge-transporting material is often treated for defect passivation to improve the PSC stability and performance.

Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen-Bonding Vibrations of Ice VI.

It is difficult to investigate the hydrogen-bonding dynamics of hydrogen-disordered ice VI. Here, we present a comparative method based on our previous study of its counterpart hydrogen-ordered phase, ice XV. The primitive cell of ice XV is a 10 molecule unit, and the vibrational normal modes were analyzed individually.

Laser Beam Pointing Stabilization Control through Disturbance Classification.

In laser systems, beam pointing usually drifts as a consequence of various disturbances, e.g., inherent drift, airflow, transmission medium variation, mechanical vibration, and elastic deformation.

High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics Incorporating an Active Layer with a Few Nanometer-Thick Third-Component Layer on a Binary Blend Layer.

In this paper, a universal approach toward constructing a new bilayer device architecture, a few-nanometer-thick third-component layer on a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) binary blend layer, has been demonstrated in two different state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems. Through a careful selection of a third component, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device based on PM6/Y6/layered PTQ10 layered third-component structure was 16.8%, being higher than those of corresponding devices incorporating the PM6/Y6/PTQ10 BHJ ternary blend (16.

Incorporating Indium Selenide Nanosheets into a Polymer/Small Molecule Binary Blend Active Layer Enhances the Long-Term Stability and Performance of Its Organic Photovoltaics.

In this report, we demonstrated that the incorporation of 15 wt % two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide materials indium selenide (InSe) nanosheets into a polymer (PM6)/small molecule (Y6) active layer not only increased its light absorption but also enhanced the long-term stability of the PM6/Y6/InSe ternary blend organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device was improved from 15.7 to 16.

Transparent Hole-Transporting Frameworks: A Unique Strategy to Design High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics.

Thanks to the nature of molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra of organic semiconductors are not continuous like those in traditional inorganic semiconductors, which offers a unique application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs): semitransparent OPVs. Recently, the exciting progress of materials design has promoted the development of semitransparent OPVs. However, in the perspective of device engineering, almost all reported works reduce the thickness of back/reflected electrode to obtain high average visible transmittance (AVT), which is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the transmittance of the whole solar spectrum (visible and infrared), and therefore limit the further development.

Enabling High-Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells.

In tandem organic photovoltaics, the front subcell is based on large-bandgap materials, whereas the case of the rear subcell is more complicated. The rear subcell is generally composed of a narrow-bandgap acceptor for infrared absorption but a large-bandgap donor to realize a high open-circuit voltage. Unfortunately, most of the ultraviolet-visible part of the photons are absorbed by the front subcell; as a result, in the rear subcell, the number of excitons generated on large-bandgap donors will be reduced significantly.

Steric Impediment of Ion Migration Contributes to Improved Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.

The operational instability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is known to mainly originate from the migration of ionic species (or charged defects) under a potential gradient. Compositional engineering of the "A" site cation of the ABX perovskite structure has been shown to be an effective route to improve the stability of PSCs. Here, the effect of size-mismatch-induced lattice distortions on the ion migration energetics and operational stability of PSCs is investigated.

Potassium-Presenting Zinc Oxide Surfaces Induce Vertical Phase Separation in Fullerene-Free Organic Photovoltaics.

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have recently showed great potential for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). An ideal BHJ structure would feature large donor/acceptor interfacial areas for efficient exciton dissociation and gradient distributions with high donor and acceptor concentrations near the anode and cathode, respectively, for efficient charge extraction. However, the random mixing of donors and acceptors in the BHJ often suffers the severe charge recombination in the interface, resulting in poor charge extraction.

Computing Investigations of Molecular and Atomic Vibrations of Ice IX.

The normal modes of ice IX were investigated using the CASTEP code package, which is based on density functional theory. We found that the translational modes could be divided into three categories: four-bond vibrations, which possessed the highest energy; two-bond vibrations, which possessed the medium energy; and cluster vibrations with the lowest energy. The former two categories represent monomers vibrating against neighbors and present as two distinct peaks in many ice phases recorded in inelastic neutron-scattering experiments.

Rational Tuning of Molecular Interaction and Energy Level Alignment Enables High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics.

The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has rapidly improved over the past years. Recent work in material design has primarily focused on developing near-infrared nonfullerene acceptors with broadening absorption that pair with commercialized donor polymers; in the meanwhile, the influence of the morphology of the blend film and the energy level alignment on the efficiency of charge separation needs to be synthetically considered. Herein, the selection rule of the donor/acceptor blend is demonstrated by rationally considering the molecular interaction and energy level alignment, and highly efficient OPV devices using both-fluorinated or both-nonfluorinated donor/acceptor blends are realized.

Dual nanocomposite carrier transport layers enhance the efficiency of planar perovskite photovoltaics.

In photovoltaic devices, more effective transfer of dissociated electrons and holes from the active layer to the respective electrodes will result in higher fill factors and short-circuit current densities and, thus, enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Planar perovskite photovoltaics feature an active layer that can provide a large exciton diffusion length, reaching several micrometers, but require efficient carrier transport layers for charge extraction. In this study, we employed two nanocomposite carrier transfer layers-an electron transport layer (ETL) comprising [6,6]phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) doped with the small molecule 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), to enhance the electron mobility, and a hole transfer layer (HTL) comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) doped with molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets, to enhance the hole mobility.

Synchronous precipitation reduction in the American Tropics associated with Heinrich 2.

During the last ice age temperature in the North Atlantic oscillated in cycles known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. The magnitude of Caribbean hydroclimate change associated with D-O variability and particularly with stadial intervals, remains poorly constrained by paleoclimate records. We present a 3.