The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy.

Osteosarcopenia (OS), a complex degenerative disorder, is characterized by the concurrent decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD), posing an enormous health hazard for the elderly population. Despite its clinical relevance, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying OS are not fully understood, underscoring the necessity for a deeper comprehension of its etiology to facilitate effective treatment strategies. The development of a reliable animal model is pivotal in this endeavor.

Magnetic exchange interaction between unpaired π- and d-electrons in nanographene-metal coordination complexes.

The combination of open-shell nanographenes (NGs) and magnetic transition metals holds great promise for generating various new quantum phases applicable in spintronics and quantum information technologies. However, a crucial aspect in accomplishing this is to comprehend the magnetic exchange interactions between unpaired π- and d-electrons, a topic that has been seldom addressed. In this study, we focus on magnetic π-d exchange interactions between open-shell NGs and a magnetic coordination center of Fe or Co by employing scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.

Microplastics enhance the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in mariculture sediments by enriching host bacteria and promoting horizontal gene transfer.

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose significant challenges to the One Health framework due to their intricate and multifaceted ecological and environmental impacts. However, the understanding of how MP properties influence ARG prevalence in mariculture sediments remains limited. Herein, the polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs with different sizes (20-120 μm and 0.

Enhancing Whole Slide Image Classification with Discriminative and Contrastive Learning.

Whole slide image (WSI) classification plays a crucial role in digital pathology data analysis. However, the immense size of WSIs and the absence of fine-grained sub-region labels pose significant challenges for accurate WSI classification. Typical classification-driven deep learning methods often struggle to generate informative image representations, which can compromise the robustness of WSI classification.

Unveiling the metaxenia effect and its regulatory mechanism in sucrose synthesis through integration of dominant resources in pear.

Breeding efforts have led to numerous superior pear varieties. However, challenges persist in pear cultivation, with limited cultivar diversity and underutilization of local varieties, resulting in an unbalanced industry. Metaxenia offers potential for breeding excellent pear varieties suitable for different ecological conditions.

PASS: Test-Time Prompting to Adapt Styles and Semantic Shapes in Medical Image Segmentation.

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm to handle the domain shifts at test time for medical images from different institutions without using extra training data. However, existing TTA solutions for segmentation tasks suffer from (1) dependency on modifying the source training stage and access to source priors or (2) lack of emphasis on shape-related semantic knowledge that is crucial for segmentation tasks. Recent research on visual prompt learning achieves source-relaxed adaptation by extended parameter space but still neglects the full utilization of semantic features, thus motivating our work on knowledge-enriched deep prompt learning.

M1 enrichment facilitates virus detection in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stemcell transplantation.

Due to the severe consequences of viral infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients, the routine use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of viruses is common in clinic, while the sensitivities of molecular methods are not always sufficient for blood samples. We aimed to increase the detection efficiency of viremia in allo-HSCT patients with M1 bead enrichment. Blood samples of allo-HSCT patients with fever were collected.

Selective Area Growth of Josephson Junctions in Ladder-Like Structures of Bismuth Islands.

A distinguishing characteristic of Josephson junctions (JJs) is their nonlinear current-voltage response, which fulfills the requirements for superconducting quantum computing. Achieving atomically sharp interfaces between superconductors and weak links in JJs can realize the superconductivity proximity effect, advancing the investigation of intrinsic properties in unconventional superconductors and their potential applications. Here, a contamination-free approach to fabricating planar JJs using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is presented.

A novel frameshift variant leads to familial osteopetrosis with variable phenotypes in a Chinese Han consanguineous family.

Osteopetrosis, a group of highly heterogeneous genetic bone disorders, is characterized by deafness, increased bone density, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and intellectual disability. Osteopetrosis can be divided into three subtypes: autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), intermediate autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (IARO), and autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO). CLCN7 has been reported to be the most common gene responsible for the ADO-II subtype.

Retinal vascular alterations in cognitive impairment: A multicenter study in China.

Introduction: Foundational models suggest Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be diagnosed using retinal images, but the specific structural features remain poorly understood. This study investigates retinal vascular changes in individuals with cognitive impairment in three East Asian regions.

Methods: A multicenter study was conducted in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Ningxia, collecting retinal images from 176 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD and 264 controls.

SurfNet: Reconstruction of Cortical Surfaces via Coupled Diffeomorphic Deformations.

To achieve fast and accurate cortical surface reconstruction from brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs), we develop a method to jointly reconstruct the inner (white-gray matter interface), outer (pial), and midthickness surfaces, regularized by their interdependence. Rather than reconstructing these surfaces separately without taking into consideration their interdependence as in most existing methods, our method learns three diffeomorphic deformations jointly to optimize the midthickness surface to lie halfway between the inner and outer cortical surfaces and simultaneously deforms it inward and outward towards the inner and outer cortical surfaces, respectively. The surfaces are encouraged to have a spherical topology by regularization terms for non-negativeness of the cortical thickness and symmetric cycle-consistency of the coupled surface deformations.

The transport of polyphenols from in Caco-2 cells based on UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

, as a food and medicinal plant, is rich in polyphenols. Herein, digestion samples (DS) of polyphenols (CFPs) were metabolically analyzed based on their bidirectional translocation in Caco-2 cells using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that after DS transported via Caco-2 cell monolayer models nine polyphenol compounds in transit solution (TSB) from apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) side were upregulated, whereas seven in the transit solution (TSA) from BL to AP side were upregulated.

Inhibition of Mettl3 by STM2457 and Loss of Macrophage Mettl3 Alleviate Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Remodeling.

Background: m6A RNA methylation is a critical epigenetic modification involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While macrophage-mediated inflammation plays a central role in PAH, the specific contributions of m6A regulators within macrophages are not yet fully understood. This study explores the role of METTL3 in macrophages, with particular emphasis on its contribution to the progression of PAH.

Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis-like gut permeability and dysbiosis in honeybees.

The gut microbiota has been linked to the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current animal models are limited in the generation of germ-free animals to evaluate the roles of gut bacteria in intestinal health. Here, we used the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a model animal to develop colitis-like gut permeability induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment.

Review of the application of dual-energy CT combined with radiomics in the diagnosis and analysis of lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Early detection and precise treatment are of great significance to clinical decision-making and patient prognosis. As an emerging imaging technology, dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has increasingly prominent advantages in multi-parameter and quantitative analysis in assessing the benign and malignant, classification, and prognosis of lung cancer.

POLM inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by degrading multiple viral structural proteins.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea, as a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-induced infectious intestinal condition typified by diarrhea, emesis, dehydration, and anorexia, leads to death rates as high as 100% among suckling piglets. Given the existing commercial vaccines, it is essential to study host-virus interactions and formulate efficient anti-viral regimes. This study concerned a host factor POLM (a DNA polymerase family member) that exerts an anti-viral effect against PEDV proliferation.

Three-dimensional mapping of the altermagnetic spin splitting in CrSb.

Altermagnetism, a kind of collinear magnetism that is characterized by a momentum-dependent band and spin splitting without net magnetization, has recently attracted considerable interest. Finding altermagnetic materials with large splitting near the Fermi level necessarily requires three-dimensional k-space mapping. While this is crucial for spintronic applications and emergent phenomena, it remains challenging.

Integrating Circular Polarized Luminescence and Long Persistent Luminescence in Cu Cage-Like Clusters via Ligand Engineering.

Copper clusters with diverse luminescent properties are of particular interest. In this study, a series of Cu clusters with cage-like structures was synthesized and characterized. By employing a stepwise ligand engineering strategy that progressively introduced circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties, we successfully synthesized R/S-Cu-Cl, the first copper cluster to demonstrate both CPL and LPL.

Carbon doped cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic carbon shells: Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for ultrastable Zn-air batteries.

Rational design of low-cost, highly active and robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is essential for advancing the performance of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a facile one-step pyrolysis approach is reported to synthesize cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped graphitic carbon with a core-shell structure. The temperature-dependent interdiffusion of C and Co atoms at the interface was observed.

FLASH radiation reprograms lipid metabolism and macrophage immunity and sensitizes medulloblastoma to CAR-T cell therapy.

FLASH radiotherapy holds promise for treating solid tumors given the potential lower toxicity in normal tissues but its therapeutic effects on tumor immunity remain largely unknown. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of medulloblastoma, we show that FLASH radiation stimulates proinflammatory polarization in tumor macrophages. Single-cell transcriptome analysis shows that FLASH proton beam radiation skews macrophages toward proinflammatory phenotypes and increases T cell infiltration.

Advancements in photodynamic inactivation: A comprehensive review of photosensitizers, mechanisms, and applications in food area.

Food microbial contamination results in serious food safety issues and numerous food loss and waste, presenting one of the most significant challenges facing the global food system. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) technology, which combines light and photosensitizers (PS) to provide antimicrobial effects, is an ideal nonthermal antimicrobial technique for the food industry. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDI technology, beginning with the fundamental photoactivation principles of PS and the pathways of photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

Neurotransmitters crosstalk and regulation in the reward circuit of subjects with behavioral addiction.

Behavioral addictive disorders (BADs) have become a significant societal challenge over time. The central feature of BADs is the loss of control over engaging in and continuing behaviors, even when facing negative consequences. The neurobiological underpinnings of BADs primarily involve impairments in the reward circuitry, encompassing the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex.

Free fatty acids derived from lipophagy enhanced resistance to anoikis by activating Src in high-invasive clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells.

Autophagy-mediated anoikis resistance plays a critical role in the initiation of tumor metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the role and mechanism of anoikis resistance mediated by free fatty acids (FFAs) derived from lipophagy in highly invasive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we found that the highly invasive ccRCC cell line Himi exhibited enhanced resistance to anoikis and elevated lipophagy levels.

Fractional Spinon Quasiparticles in Open-Shell Triangulene Spin-1/2 Chains.

The emergence of spinon quasiparticles, which carry spin but lack charge, is a hallmark of collective quantum phenomena in low-dimensional quantum spin systems. While the existence of spinons has been demonstrated through scattering spectroscopy in ensemble samples, real-space imaging of these quasiparticles within individual spin chains has remained elusive. In this study, we construct individual Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chains using open-shell [2]triangulene molecules as building blocks.

Elevated Lipid Concentrations in Seminal Plasma Can Reduce Sperm Motility in Simmental Bulls.

Sperm motility is a key factor influencing male fertility and is associated with metabolic and lipid profiles across species. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sperm motility and the seminal plasma lipid profile in Simmental bulls, and to identify key lipids potentially influencing sperm motility. Semen samples were collected from 26 healthy Simmental bulls with an average age of 4.