Efficacy of radiotherapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, TKI and ICI for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a new combination therapy of radiotherapy (RT), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients involving portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).

Methods: A total of 71 HCC patients with PVTT were retrospectively analyzed: 45 patients were treated by 'HAIC + TKI + ICI' therapy and 26 patients by the new combination therapy. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cumulative survival rate.

Childhood urbanicity is associated with emotional episodic memory-related striatal function and common variation in NTRK2.

Background: Childhoods in urban or rural environments may differentially affect the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, possibly through memory processing and neural response to emotional stimuli. Genetic factors may not only influence individuals' choices of residence but also modulate how the living environment affects responses to episodic memory.

Methods: We investigated the effects of childhood urbanicity on episodic memory in 410 adults (discovery sample) and 72 adults (replication sample) with comparable socioeconomic statuses in Beijing, China, distinguishing between those with rural backgrounds (resided in rural areas before age 12 and relocated to urban areas at or after age 12) and urban backgrounds (resided in cities before age 12).

Effects of parenting styles on adult personality traits, depressive trait, and brain structure.

This study explored the complex triangular relationships between parenting styles, personality traits, and depressive trait in Chinese Han adults (N = 490; Mean age=24.25; 51.0% women), and examined the relationship between parenting styles and brain structure.

The effects of environmental factors associated with childhood urbanicity on brain structure and cognition.

Urbanization is a trend lasting for more than one century worldwide. Four hundred ninety male and female adult Chinese Han participants with different urban and rural childhoods were included in this study. Early-life urban environment was found benefit for total grey matter volume (GMV), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) GMV, temporal pole (TP) GMV and cognition function, and negatively correlated with medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) GMV.

Deep learning predicts DNA methylation regulatory variants in the human brain and elucidates the genetics of psychiatric disorders.

There is growing evidence for the role of DNA methylation (DNAm) quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) in the genetics of complex traits, including psychiatric disorders. However, due to extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the genome, it is challenging to identify causal genetic variations that drive DNAm levels by population-based genetic association studies. This limits the utility of mQTLs for fine-mapping risk loci underlying psychiatric disorders identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Unsuppressed Striatal Activity and Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia Associated With Individual Cognitive Performance Under Social Competition.

Background And Hypothesis: Social competition affects human behaviors by inducing psychosocial stress. The neural and genetic mechanisms of individual differences of cognitive-behavioral response to stressful situations in a competitive context remain unknown. We hypothesized that variation in stress-related brain activation and genetic heterogeneity associated with psychiatric disorders may play roles towards individually differential responses under stress.

Air pollution interacts with genetic risk to influence cortical networks implicated in depression.

Air pollution is a reversible cause of significant global mortality and morbidity. Epidemiological evidence suggests associations between air pollution exposure and impaired cognition and increased risk for major depressive disorders. However, the neural bases of these associations have been unclear.

Childhood urbanicity interacts with polygenic risk for depression to affect stress-related medial prefrontal function.

Urbanization is increasing globally, and is associated with stress and increased mental health risks, including for depression. However, it remains unclear, especially at the level of brain function, how urbanicity, social threat stressors, and psychiatric risk may be linked. Here, we aim to define the structural and functional MRI neural correlates of social stress, childhood urbanicity, and their putative mechanistic relevance to depressive illness risk, in terms of behavioral traits and genetics.

The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index May Be a Novel and Strong Marker for the Accurate Early Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Patients.

Objective: This research was performed to investigate the correlation between acute kidney injury (AKI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.

Methods: The study included 218 SAP patients from Chongqing Jiangjin Center Hospital during January 2016 to October 2020. The SII was defined as platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.

Distinct Effects of Social Stress on Working Memory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Stress might exaggerate the compulsion and impair the working memory of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study evaluated the effect of stress on the cognitive neural processing of working memory in OCD and its clinical significance using a "number calculation working memory" task. Thirty-eight patients and 55 gender- and education-matched healthy controls were examined.

A Scoring System for Surgical Site Infection after Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using Clinical Data.

To analyze the factors influencing surgical site infection (SSI) after pancreaticoduodenectomy and to establish a scoring system for predicting such infections. Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to March 2019 were divided randomly into a model group and a test group in a proportion of 3:1. According to whether an SSI occurred after operation, the model group was divided into an incision-infection group and a non-infection group.

Parietal-Prefrontal Feedforward Connectivity in Association With Schizophrenia Genetic Risk and Delusions.

Objective: Conceptualizations of delusion formation implicate deficits in feedforward information updating across the posterior to prefrontal cortices, resulting in dysfunctional integration of new information about contexts in working memory and, ultimately, failure to update overfamiliar prior beliefs. The authors used functional MRI and machine learning models to address individual variability in feedforward parietal-prefrontal information updating in patients with schizophrenia. They examined relationships between feedforward connectivity, and delusional thinking and polygenic risk for schizophrenia.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis.

Whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of mortality remains controversial. The present study aimed to clarify this issue. A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted through October 2018.

Risk Assessment of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Liver Cirrhotic Patients with Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and postoperative complications and risk predictors of postoperative complications. The retrospective study was conducted to identify the effect. The cirrhotic patients were divided into two groups, those with or without CSPH.

Shenfu Injection Attenuates Bile Duct Injury in Rats with Acute Obstructive Cholangitis.

We investigated the effect of Shenfu injection (SFI) in Wistar rats with acute obstructive cholangitis (AOC) and considered the possible molecular mechanisms of the effects. The 96 rats were divided randomly into three groups. In one group, the common bile duct was subjected to ligation (BDL), and 0.

Long-Term Efficacy of Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation in Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with other surgical procedures. A literature search of Cochrane library, PubMed, and Embase through October 2018 was conducted by two investigators (J.-F.

Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Risk Profile Score Predicts Hippocampal Function.

Background: We explored the cumulative effect of several late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk loci using a polygenic risk profile score (RPS) approach on measures of hippocampal function, cognition, and brain morphometry.

Methods: In a sample of 231 healthy control subjects (19-55 years of age), we used an RPS to study the effect of several LOAD risk loci reported in a recent meta-analysis on hippocampal function (determined by its engagement with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging during episodic memory) and several cognitive metrics. We also studied effects on brain morphometry in an overlapping sample of 280 subjects.

Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage Combined with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) in elder acute cholecystitis.

Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on LC after PTGD in elder acute cholecystitis published from 1970 to July 2017. Two researchers selected RCTs, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality independently, and RevMan 5.

Estimating changing contexts in schizophrenia.

SEE STEPHAN ET AL DOI101093/AWW120 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS WORK: Real world information is often abstract, dynamic and imprecise. Deciding if changes represent random fluctuations, or alterations in underlying contexts involve challenging probability estimations. Dysfunction may contribute to erroneous beliefs, such as delusions.

Cerebral Inefficient Activation in Schizophrenia Patients and Their Unaffected Parents during the N-Back Working Memory Task: A Family fMRI Study.

Background: It has been suggested that working memory deficits is a core feature of symptomatology of schizophrenia, which can be detected in patients and their unaffected relatives. The impairment of working memory has been found related to the abnormal activity of human brain regions in many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. This study investigated how brain region activation was altered in schizophrenia and how it was inherited independently from performance deficits.

WWC1 genotype modulates age-related decline in episodic memory function across the adult life span.

Background: Episodic memory (EM) declines with age and the rate of decline is variable across individuals. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17070145) in the WWC1 gene that encodes the KIBRA protein critical for long-term potentiation and memory consolidation has previously been associated with EM performance, as well as differences in hippocampal engagement during EM tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the current study, we explore the effect of this polymorphism on EM-related activity and cognitive performance across the adult life span using fMRI.

Effective connectivity of AKT1-mediated dopaminergic working memory networks and pharmacogenetics of anti-dopaminergic treatment.

Working memory is a limited capacity system that integrates and manipulates information across brief periods of time, engaging a network of prefrontal, parietal and subcortical brain regions. Genetic control of these heritable brain processes have been suggested by functional genetic variations influencing dopamine signalling, which affect prefrontal activity during complex working memory tasks. However, less is known about genetic control over component working memory cortical-subcortical networks in humans, and the pharmacogenetic implications of dopamine-related genes on cognition in patients receiving anti-dopaminergic drugs.

Investigation of anatomical thalamo-cortical connectivity and FMRI activation in schizophrenia.

The purpose of this study was to examine measures of anatomical connectivity between the thalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in schizophrenia and to assess their functional implications. We measured thalamocortical connectivity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and probabilistic tractography in 15 patients with schizophrenia and 22 age- and sex-matched controls. The relationship between thalamocortical connectivity and prefrontal cortical blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional activity as well as behavioral performance during working memory was examined in a subsample of 9 patients and 18 controls.