Identification of association between mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated to be an important hallmark of sarcopenia, yet its specific mechanism remains obscure. In this study, mitochondrial-related genes were used as instrumental variables to proxy for mitochondrial dysfunction, and summary data for sarcopenia-related traits were used as outcomes to examine their genetic association.

Methods: A total of 1,136 mitochondrial-related genes from the human MitoCarta3.

Zwitterionic Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticles Minimize Protein Adsorption and Immunogenicity for Improved Biological Fate.

We report the assembly of poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PEG NPs) and optimize their surface chemistry to minimize the formation of protein coronas and immunogenicity for improved biodistribution. PEG NPs cross-linked with disulfide bonds are synthesized utilizing zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 NPs as the templates, which are subsequently modified with PEG molecules with different end groups (carboxyl, methoxy, or amino) to vary the surface chemistry. Among the modifications, the amino and residual carboxyl groups form a pair of zwitterionic structures on the surface of PEG NPs, which minimize the adsorption of proteins (e.

Application of a near-infrared viscosity-responsive fluorescent probe for lysosomal targeting in fatty liver mice.

Viscosity is a fundamental property in biological systems, influencing organelle function and molecular diffusion. Abnormal viscosity is associated with diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Lysosomes, central to cellular degradation and recycling, are sensitive to viscosity changes, which can disrupt enzymatic activity and cellular homeostasis.

Automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: The outcomes of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been systematically evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AID in pregnancy.

Material And Methods: Literature searches were conducted until July 5, 2024, on Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Trauma exposure as a risk factor of major depressive disorder: A matched case-control study.

The association between childhood trauma (CT), stressful life events (SLE) and the onset and severity of major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the separate and combined association of CT and SLE with the onset and severity of MDD. A total of 503 patients with MDD and 503 controls were included.

Proteolysis-targeting influenza vaccine strains induce broad-spectrum immunity and in vivo protection.

Generating effective live vaccines from intact viruses remains challenging owing to considerations of safety and immunogenicity. Approaches that can be applied in a systematic manner are needed. Here we created a library of live attenuated influenza vaccines by using diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to generate proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) influenza A viruses.

Single-cell multi-omics deciphers hepatocyte dedifferentiation and illuminates maintenance strategies.

Due to the similarity to human hepatocytes, porcine hepatocytes play an important role in hepatic research and drug evaluation. However, once hepatocytes were cultured in vitro, it was often prone to dedifferentiate, resulting in the loss of their characteristic features and normal functions, which impede their application in liver transplantation and hepatotoxic drugs evaluation. Up to now, this process has yet to be thoroughly investigated from the single-cell resolution and multi-omics perspective.

Te@Se Core-Shell Heterostructures with Tunable Shell Thickness for Ultra-Stable NO Detection.

An effective long-term nitrogen dioxide (NO) monitoring at trace concentration is critical for protecting the ecological environment and public health. Tellurium (Te), as a recently discovered 2D elemental material, is promising for NO detection because of its suitable band structure for gas adsorption and charge mobility. However, the high activity of Te leads to poor stability in ambient and harsh conditions, limiting its application as a gas-sensitive material.

Trends in Opioid Prescriptions to Opioid-Naïve Patients by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in Massachusetts 2012-2022.

Background: Many oral and maxillofacial surgery patients are young, healthy adults who are opioid-naïve. Over-prescribing opioids increases the risk of subsequent misuse and diversion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare opioid prescriptions to opioid naïve and nonnaïve patients by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Massachusetts from 2012 to 2022.

Construction of a C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index-based prediction model for all-cause mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Objective: The mortality rate of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains high. The C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel biomarker that reflects inflammation, nutritional and immune status, all merged into one single derived parameter. No study has yet linked the CALLY index to survival in hemodialysis.

Standard: Human gastric organoids.

Organoid technology provides a transformative approach to understand human physiology and pathology, offering valuable insights for scientific research and therapeutic development. Human gastric organoids, in particular, have gained significant interest for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and studies of tissue regeneration and homeostasis. However, the lack of standardized quality control has limited their extensive clinical applications.

Hydrogen Bonding-Driven Adaptive Coacervates as Protocells.

Coacervation based on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has been widely used for the preparation of artificial protocells and to mimic the dynamic organization of membrane-free organelles. Most complex synthetic coacervates are formed through electrostatic interactions but cannot withstand high ionic strength conditions (>0.1 M).

Elevated SREBP1 accelerates the initiation and growth of pancreatic cancer by targeting SOX9.

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with an insidious onset, and little is known about its early molecular events. Here, we found that the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression is gradually upregulated during the initiation of pancreatic cancer. Through in vitro 3D culture of pancreatic acinar cells and experiments in LSL-Kras;Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice, we found that pharmacological inhibition of SREBP1 suppressed pancreatic tumorigenesis.

Understanding the clinical and molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections within intensive care units of three teaching hospitals.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is recognized as a common clinical conditional pathogen with bla gene-mediated multidrug-resistance that is a significant threat to public health safety. Timely and effective infection control measures are needed to prevent their spread.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of CRAB patients at three teaching hospitals from 2019 to 2022.

Mn-Doped Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets as High-Performance Electrocatalyst for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Electrooxidation.

Converting 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via electrooxidation is a sustainable approach for generating high-value chemicals from biomass. This study presents Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as an effective electrocatalyst for HMF electrooxidation. The Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheets were synthesized through a microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) strategy, followed by an alkaline reflux process.

Assessing the clinical utility of tumor invasion proportion of lymph nodes for enhanced risk stratification in N1 colorectal cancer.

N staging systems are paramount clinical features for colorectal cancer (CRC). In N1 stage (N1) CRC, patients present with a limited number of metastatic lymph nodes, yet their prognoses vary widely. The tumor invasion proportion of lymph nodes (TIPLN) has gained attention, but its prognostic value in N1 CRC remains unclear.

Preparation and stability of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from Terminalia chebula and their biological activity.

Chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid are the two tannin compounds with the highest content in Terminalia chebula, they were separated by ODS column eluted with 20% methanol and 35% methanol, respectively. The compounds were identified by comparing the data of H NMR and C NMR with the literature; HPLC method was used to investigate the stable storage conditions of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced in vivo inflammation model and RAW264.7 macrophage in vitro inflammatory model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid.

Risk factors for radial artery calcification in patients with and without uremia.

Background: Calcification of the radial artery is one of the main causes of anastomotic stenosis in autogenous arteriovenous fistulas in uremic patients. However, the pathogenesis of calcification is still unknown. This study attempted to screen and validate the risk factors for vascular calcification in patients with uremia.

Interactions of non-starch polysaccharides with the gut microbiota and the effect of non-starch polysaccharides with different structures on the metabolism of the gut microbiota: A review.

Humans consume large amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NPs) daily. Some NPs, not absorbed by the body, proceed to the intestines. An increasing number of studies reveal a close relationship between NPs and gut microbiota(GM) that impact the human body.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of HSP70 Gene Family Under High-Temperature Stress in Lettuce ( L.).

The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family plays an important role in the growth and development of lettuce and in the defense response to high-temperature stress; however, its bioinformatics analysis in lettuce has been extremely limited. Genome-wide bioinformatics analysis methods such as chromosome location, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, collinearity analysis, and promoter analysis were performed in the gene family, and the expression patterns in response to high-temperature stress were analyzed. The mechanism of in heat resistance in lettuce was studied by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression techniques.

SFAs facilitates ceramide's de novo synthesis via TLR4 and intensifies hepatocyte lipotoxicity.

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have emerged as key contributors to hepatocyte lipotoxicity and disease progression. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as a sentinel for diverse ligands, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and endogenous molecules like palmitic acid (PA)-induced ceramide (CER) accumulation, promoting hepatocyte demise.

Platanus occidentalis L. fruit-derived carbon materials for electrochemical potassium storage.

In the post-lithium-ion battery era, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered as a promising candidate because of their electrochemical and economic characteristics. However, as an emerging electrochemical storage technology, it is urgent to develop capable anode materials that can be produced at low cost and on a large scale to promote its practical application. Biomass-derived carbon materials as anodes of PIBs exhibit strong competitiveness by their merits of low weight, high stability, non-toxicity, and wide availability.

PsDMAP1/PsTIP60-regulated H4K16ac is required for ROS-dependent virulence adaptation of on host plants.

Host plants and various fungicides inhibit plant pathogens by inducing the release of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing DNA damage, either directly or indirectly leading to cell death. The mechanisms by which the oomycete manages ROS stress resulting from plant immune responses and fungicides remains unclear. This study elucidates the role of histone acetylation in ROS-induced DNA damage responses (DDR) to adapt to stress.

Micro-Defects-Related Low Cycle Fatigue Mechanical Model of the Nuclear-Grade S30408 Stainless Steel.

Continuous and interrupted low cycle fatigue tests were conducted on nuclear-grade S30408 stainless steel under different stress conditions at room temperature. Vickers hardness testing and microstructure characterization were performed on the fatigue samples with different fatigue states. The evolutionary mechanism of the microstructure defects in materials under fatigue cyclic loading was discussed.

A cross-scale transfer learning framework: prediction of SOD activity from leaf microstructure to macroscopic hyperspectral imaging.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role to respond in the defence against damage when tomato leaves are under different types of adversity stresses. This work employed microhyperspectral imaging (MHSI) and visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technologies to predict tomato leaf SOD activity. The macroscopic model of SOD activity in tomato leaves was constructed using the convolutional neural network in conjunction with the long and short-term temporal memory (CNN-LSTM) technique.