Over-the-counter short-acting β-agonist purchase and asthma-related health outcomes: a post hoc analysis of the SABINA III study.

This post-hoc analysis of the SABINA III study evaluated the association of short-acting β-agonist (SABA) prescriptions and self-reported over-the-counter (OTC) SABA purchase in the previous 12 months with asthma-related outcomes using multivariable regression models in 4556 patients (mean age, 48.9 years). Of the 2810 patients prescribed ≥3 SABA canisters, 776 (27.

Clinical Predictors of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Disease and Coisolates of Potential Pathogenic Microorganisms in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.

Background: In bronchiectasis, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease (NTM-LD) is a well-known coexisting infection. However, microorganism coisolates and clinical NTM-LD predictors are poorly studied.

Methods: Patients with bronchiectasis diagnosed by means of computed tomography between January 2017 and June 2020 were screened, using the date of computed tomography as the index date.

The clinical impacts of lung microbiome in bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Airflow obstruction is a hallmark of disease severity and prognosis in bronchiectasis. The relationship between lung microbiota, airway inflammation, and outcomes in bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) remains unclear. This study explores these interactions in bronchiectasis patients, with and without FAO, and compares them to those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Type 2 Biomarkers and Their Clinical Implications in Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Bronchiectasis is predominantly marked by neutrophilic inflammation. The relevance of type 2 biomarkers in disease severity and exacerbation risk is poorly understood. This study explores the clinical significance of these biomarkers in bronchiectasis patients.

Rate of severe exacerbations, healthcare resource utilisation and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the EXACOS International Study.

Introduction: The cerbations of hronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and their utcome (EXACOS) International Study aimed to quantify the rate of severe exacerbations and examine healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD from low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: EXACOS International was an observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from medical records for a period of up to 5 years. Data were collected from 12 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Mexico, Panama, Russia and Taiwan.

The effect of statins on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury among patients with active tuberculosis: A cohort study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains prevalent worldwide, and anti-TB drugs are associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Statins have pleiotropic effects which may decrease inflammation and achieve immunomodulation. However, few studies have investigated the pleiotropic effects of statins on the risk of DILI.

The long-term outcome of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty.

Background: The long-term outcome on patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has not been ideal after standard medical treatment. However, good outcome for patients with CTEPH after interventions such as pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PEA or BPA on long-term outcomes for CTEPH patients in Han-Chinese population.

Increased Tuberculosis Reactivation Risk in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Therapy.

Objective: Reports of tuberculosis (TB) during anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasing. However, it is not clear whether the use of ICIs is a significant risk factor for TB, including reactivation or latent TB infection (LTBI).

Methods: To determine the risk of TB reactivation in patients with lung cancer who use ICIs or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we conducted a retrospective study using a hospital-based cancer registry.

The impact of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in critically ill patients: Significance for survival and ventilator use.

Background: This study investigates the impact of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) on mortality and mechanical ventilation use in critically ill patients.

Methods: We enrolled patients with NTM-LD or tuberculosis (TB) in intensive care units (ICU) and analysed their association with 30-day mortality and with mechanical ventilator-free survival (VFS) at 30 days after ICU admission.

Results: A total of 5996 ICU-admitted patients were included, of which 541 (9.

Microbiological persistence in patients with Mycobacterium abscessus complex lung disease: The prevalence, predictors, and the impact on progression.

Objectives: Persistent growth of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) in the respiratory system is not uncommon and may indicate continuous infection of MABC lung disease (MABC-LD), but its prevalence, risk factors, and clinical impact have not been investigated.

Methods: The present study was conducted in two medical centers in northern Taiwan. We enrolled patients with MABC-LD and investigated the prevalence and predictors of persistent culture positivity (MABC-PP).

Evaluation of short-acting Beta-2-agonist prescriptions and associated clinical outcomes: Findings from the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) study in Asia.

Background: The extent of short-acting Beta-2-agonist (β-agonist) (SABA) use across Asian countries is not well documented. As part of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study, we assessed SABA prescriptions and clinical outcomes in patients with asthma from Asia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients (aged ≥12 years) with asthma from 8 Asian countries.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and the risk of mycobacterial pulmonary infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for mycobacterial pulmonary infections (MPI), including tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP4i), a common DM medication, has an immune-modulation effect that raises concerns about developing MPI. However, there is scarce research on the topic.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Respiratory Treatments: Results from the SABA CARBON International Study.

Introduction: Healthcare systems are looking to reduce their carbon impact. Short-acting β-agonist (SABA) overuse (≥ 3 canisters/year) is common in asthma and linked to poor outcomes; however, its environmental impact remains unknown. As part of the CARBON programme, this study retrospectively quantified the carbon footprint of SABA and controller inhalers across all respiratory indications and SABA overuse in asthma in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), upper-middle-income countries and high-income countries across Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America and the Middle East.

CT findings of 144 in-hospital patients with influenza pneumonia: A retrospective analysis.

Background/purpose: Patients with influenza infection during their period of admission may have worse computed tomography (CT) manifestation according to the clinical status. This study aimed to evaluate the CT findings of in-hospital patients due to clinically significant influenza pneumonia with correlation of clinical presentations.

Methods: In this retrospective, single center case series, 144 patients were included.

Clinical outcomes and risk factors of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: To investigate the clinical outcomes and risk factors associated with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease (pSjS-ILD).

Methods: During 2015-2021, pSjS patients with ILD were retrospectively identified. Patients were grouped into non-PF-ILD and PF-ILD.

Sex-Specific Associations Between Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease and Programmed Cell Death 1 Gene Polymorphisms.

Background: Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) preferentially occurs in postmenopausal women and may have immune exhaustion involving the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway. It is still unknown whether sex-specific associations between susceptibility to MAC-LD and programmed cell death 1 gene (PDCD1) polymorphisms exist.

Methods: Adult patients with MAC-LD (n = 152) and controls (n = 167) were included at 2 medical centers in Taiwan.

SABA prescriptions and asthma management practices in patients treated by specialists in Taiwan: Results from the SABINA III study.

Purpose: Limited data exist on asthma medication patterns in Taiwan. The objectives of the SABINA III cross-sectional study in Taiwan were thus, to describe patient demographics and clinical features and estimate short-acting β-agonist (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) prescriptions per patient.

Methods: Patients (≥18 years) with asthma were classified by investigator-defined asthma severity per the 2017 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommendations.