A Two-Dimensional Superconducting Electron Gas at LaFeO/SrTiO Interfaces.

Transition metal oxide interfaces have garnered great attention due to their fascinating properties that are absent in their bulk counterparts. The high mobility and coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism at these interfaces remain compelling research topics. Here, we first report superconductivity in the 2DEG formed at the LaFeO/SrTiO interfaces, characterized by a superconducting transition temperature () of 333 mK and a superconducting layer thickness of 13.

Ultralow-pressure-driven polarization switching in ferroelectric membranes.

Van der Waals integration of freestanding perovskite-oxide membranes with two-dimensional semiconductors has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high-performance electronics, such as field-effect transistors. In these innovative field-effect transistors, the oxide membranes have primarily functioned as dielectric layers, yet their great potential for structural tunability remains largely untapped. Free of epitaxial constraints by the substrate, these freestanding membranes exhibit remarkable structural tunability, providing a unique material system to achieve huge strain gradients and pronounced flexoelectric effects.

Single-cell analysis reveals the disparities in immune profiles between younger and elder patients.

Purpose: The immune profiles of elder patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differ significantly from those of younger patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in cancer progression and therapeutic responses. The present study aims to decipher the difference in TME between younger and elderly patients with lung cancers.

High-throughput optimization of the C-H arylation of oxetanes Ni/aldehyde photocatalysis.

Oxetanes are under-explored in medicinal chemistry, despite their favorable physicochemical properties, in part, because of the challenges associated with their syntheses. High-throughput experimentation (HTE) enables the rapid screening of reaction variables, accelerating the reaction development process. Herein we report the use of HTE in the optimization of a mild C-H arylation reaction of oxetanes, and other ethers, using -cyanobenzaldehyde as a cheap and effective photoexcited hydrogen-atom transfer catalyst, in conjunction with a Ni catalyst.

Robust 3-D Path Following Control Framework for Magnetic Helical Millirobots Subject to Fluid Flow and Input Saturation.

Precise trajectory control is imperative to ensure the safety and efficacy of in vivo therapy employing the magnetic helical millirobots. However, achieving accurate 3-D path following of helical millirobots under fluid flow conditions remains challenging due to the presence of the lumped disturbances, encompassing complex fluid dynamics and input frequency saturation. This study proposes a robust 3-D path following control framework that combines a disturbance observer for perturbation estimation with an adaptive finite-time sliding mode controller for autonomous navigation along the reference trajectories.

Insights into a Machine Learning-Based Palmitoylation-Related Gene Model for Predicting the Prognosis and Treatment Response of Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a prevalent public health concern affecting numerous women globally and is associated with palmitoylation, a post-translational protein modification. Despite increasing focus on palmitoylation, its specific implications for breast cancer prognosis remain unclear. The work aimed to identify prognostic factors linked to palmitoylation in breast cancer and assess its effectiveness in predicting responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Fracture-driven power amplification in a hydrogel launcher.

Robotic tasks that require robust propulsion abilities such as jumping, ejecting or catapulting require power-amplification strategies where kinetic energy is generated from pre-stored energy. Here we report an engineered accumulated strain energy-fracture power-amplification method that is inspired by the pressurized fluidic squirting mechanism of Ecballium elaterium (squirting cucumber plants). We realize a light-driven hydrogel launcher that harnesses fast liquid vapourization triggered by the photothermal response of an embedded graphene suspension.

Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals that CYTOR is a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic response marker for skin cutaneous melanoma.

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly malignant tumor that is prone to immune escape and distant metastasis. Immunotherapy is considered to be the best treatment for patients with SKCM. However, not all patients benefit from it.

Focused ultrasound enables selective actuation and Newton-level force output of untethered soft robots.

Untethered miniature soft robots have significant application potentials in biomedical and industrial fields due to their space accessibility and safe human interaction. However, the lack of selective and forceful actuation is still challenging in revolutionizing and unleashing their versatility. Here, we propose a focused ultrasound-controlled phase transition strategy for achieving millimeter-level spatially selective actuation and Newton-level force of soft robots, which harnesses ultrasound-induced heating to trigger the phase transition inside the robot, enabling powerful actuation through inflation.

Superconductivity in Freestanding Infinite-Layer Nickelate Membranes.

The observation of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates has attracted significant attention due to its potential as a new platform for exploring high-T superconductivity. However, thus far, superconductivity has only been observed in epitaxial thin films, which limits the manipulation capabilities and modulation methods compared to two-dimensional exfoliated materials. Given the exceptionally giant strain tunability and stacking capability of freestanding membranes, separating superconducting nickelates from the as-grown substrate is a novel way to engineer the superconductivity and uncover the underlying physics.

In Situ Preparation of Superconducting Infinite-Layer Nickelate Thin Films with Atomically Flat Surface.

Since their discovery, the infinite-layer nickelates have been regarded as an appealing system for gaining deeper insights into high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC). However, the synthesis of superconducting samples has been proven to be challenging. Here, an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) reduction method is developed using atomic hydrogen as a reducing agent and is applied in the lanthanum nickelate system.

Nuclear RNA homeostasis promotes systems-level coordination of cell fate and senescence.

Understanding cellular coordination remains a challenge despite knowledge of individual pathways. The RNA exosome, targeting a wide range of RNA substrates, is often downregulated in cellular senescence. Utilizing an auxin-inducible system, we observed that RNA exosome depletion in embryonic stem cells significantly affects the transcriptome and proteome, causing pluripotency loss and pre-senescence onset.

Integration of multiomics analyses reveals unique insights into CD24-mediated immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of breast cancer.

Background: Tumor immunotherapy brings new light and vitality to breast cancer patients, but low response rate and limitations of therapeutic targets become major obstacles to its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that CD24 is involved in an important process of tumor immune regulation in breast cancer and is a promising target for immunotherapy.

Methods: In this study, singleR was used to annotate each cell subpopulation after t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) methods.

Insect-Scale Biped Robots Based on Asymmetrical Friction Effect Induced by Magnetic Torque.

Multimodal and controllable locomotion in complex terrain is of great importance for practical applications of insect-scale robots. Robust locomotion plays a particularly critical role. In this study, a locomotion mechanism for magnetic robots based on asymmetrical friction effect induced by magnetic torque is revealed and defined.

Development of machine learning-based malignant pericardial effusion-related model in breast cancer: Implications for clinical significance, tumor immune and drug-therapy.

Background: Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) is a common complication of advanced breast cancer (BRCA) and plays an important role in BRCA. This study is aims to construct a prognostic model based on MPE-related genes for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Methods: The BRCA samples are analyzed based on the expression of MPE-related genes by using an unsupervised cluster analysis method.

Identification of SLC2A1 as a predictive biomarker for survival and response to immunotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: As one of the common subtypes of non-small lung cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients with advanced stage have few choices of treatment strategies. Therefore, it is urgent to discover genes that are associated with the survival and efficacy of immunotherapies.

Method: Differential gene expression analyses were conducted using TCGA LUSC bulk-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing data.

Identifying general reaction conditions by bandit optimization.

Reaction conditions that are generally applicable to a wide variety of substrates are highly desired, especially in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Although many approaches are available to evaluate the general applicability of developed conditions, a universal approach to efficiently discover these conditions during optimizations is rare. Here we report the design, implementation and application of reinforcement learning bandit optimization models to identify generally applicable conditions by efficient condition sampling and evaluation of experimental feedback.

Sub-MIC vancomycin enhances the antibiotic tolerance of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus through downregulation of protein succinylation.

Bacteria develop tolerance after transient exposure to antibiotics, and tolerance is a significant driver of resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanisms underlying tolerance formation in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains. VISA strains were cultured with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of vancomycin.

Single Cell Map of Human Azoospermia Testis Caused by Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy.

Chemotherapeutic drugs will affect the process of spermatogenesis. However, most current studies on the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on spermatogenesis are based on mouse models, with a shortage of human body evidence. In addition, the mechanism of chemotherapeutic drugs causing spermatogenesis disorder is not clear.

Subgrouping testicular germ cell tumors based on immunotherapy and chemotherapy associated lncRNAs.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common reproductive system malignancies in men aged 15-44 years, accounting for 95 % of all testicular tumors. Our previous studies have been shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as LINC00313, TTTY14 and RFPL3S, were associated with development of TGCT. Subgrouping TGCT according to differential expressed lncRNAs and immunological characteristics is helpful to comprehensively describe the characteristics of TGCT and implement precise treatment.

Comprehensive analysis of m6A modification in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Background: N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most prevalent post-transcriptional modification in mRNA, and plays significant roles in various diseases. Nevertheless, the precise functions of m6A modification in the formation of ALI remain unclear. In this study we explore the transcriptome distribution of m6A methylation and its probable roles of in ALI.

SrAlO: A New Sacrificial Layer with High Water Dissolution Rate for the Synthesis of Freestanding Oxide Membranes.

Freestanding perovskite oxide membranes have drawn great attention recently since they offer exceptional structural tunability and stacking ability, providing new opportunities in fundamental research and potential device applications in silicon-based semiconductor technology. Among different types of sacrificial layers, the (Ca, Sr, Ba)AlO compounds are most widely used since they can be dissolved in water and prepare high-quality perovskite oxide membranes with clean and sharp surfaces and interfaces; However, the typical transfer process takes a long time (up to hours) in obtaining millimeter-size freestanding membranes, let alone realize wafer-scale samples with high yield. Here, a new member of the SrO-AlO family, SrAlO is introduced, and its high dissolution rate, ≈10 times higher than that of SrAlO is demonstrated.

Single-cell multi-omics analysis of human testicular germ cell tumor reveals its molecular features and microenvironment.

Seminoma is the most common malignant solid tumor in 14 to 44 year-old men. However, its molecular features and tumor microenvironment (TME) is largely unexplored. Here, we perform a series of studies via genomics profiling (single cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics) and functional examination using seminoma samples and a seminoma cell line.

Histone deacetylase 3 deletion in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2) is closely associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is an important enzyme that regulates protein stability by modulating the acetylation level of non-histones. Here, we aimed to explore the potential role and regulatory mechanisms associated with HDAC3 in PF.