Visualizing ER-phagy and ER architecture in vivo.

ER-phagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, significant gaps persist in our understanding of how ER-phagy and the ER network vary across cell subtypes, tissues, and organs. Furthermore, the pathophysiological relevance of ER-phagy remains poorly elucidated.

Low-wavenumber compensation with Zernike tilt for non-Kolmogorov turbulence phase screens.

The fast-Fourier-transform-based filtering method for phase screen generation remains popular for numerical simulation of optical propagation through turbulence; however, these screens inherently underrepresent the spectral density at low wavenumbers. Here, the "Z-tilt" approach is explored to augment the spectral density at low wavenumbers by adding a random phase tilt, which is derived from the wavefront phase statistics of a Zernike polynomial basis. This approach is computationally efficient and can be applied to any statistically homogeneous and isotropic refractive index field.

Modeling solar eclipse shadow bands using wave optics simulation through distributed turbulence.

Thin, wavy ribbons of light known as "shadow bands" can be seen moving and undulating on the ground just preceding and following the occurrence of a total solar eclipse. Using the scattering scintillation theory, Codona [Astron. Astrophys.

Temperature Field Boundary Conditions and Lateral Temperature Gradient Effect on a PC Box-Girder Bridge Based on Real-Time Solar Radiation and Spatial Temperature Monitoring.

Climate change could impose great influence on infrastructures. Previous studies have shown that solar radiation is one of the most important factors causing the change in temperature distribution in bridges. The current temperature distribution models developed in the past are mainly based on the meteorological data from the nearest weather station, empirical formulas, or the testing data from model tests.

Comparative Study of Three-Dimensional Stress and Crack Imaging in Concrete by Application of Inverse Algorithms to Coda Wave Measurements.

The intrinsic heterogeneity property of concrete causes strong multiple scatterings during wave propagation, forming coda wave that follows very complex trajectories. As a superposition of multiply scattered waves, coda wave shows great sensitivity to subtle changes, but meanwhile lose spatial resolution. To make use of its sensitivity and turn the limitation into advantage, this paper presents an experimental study of three-dimensionally imaging local changes in concrete by application of inverse algorithms to coda wave measurements.

Estimation of Stresses in Concrete by Using Coda Wave Interferometry to Establish an Acoustoelastic Modulus Database.

This article presents an experimental study of estimating stresses in concrete by applications of coda wave interferometry to establish an acoustoelastic modulus database. Under well-controlled laboratory conditions, uniaxial load cycles were performed on three groups of 15 × 15 × 35-cm concrete prisms, with ultrasonic signals being collected continuously. Then, the coda wave interferometry technique, together with acoustoelastic and Kaiser theories, are utilized to analyze the stress-velocity relations for the distinct ranges before and after historical maximum loads, forming an acoustoelastic modulus database.

Condition Evaluation of an Existing T-Beam Bridge Based on Neutral Axis Variation Monitored with Ultrasonic Coda Waves in a Network of Sensors.

Neutral axis passing through the stiffness centroid of a structure is correlated with structural health conditions. Traditional techniques rely on gauge arrays to observe strains at their installation positions, and then locate a neutral axis through the intercept of the strain diagram. However, these localization results will be severely deviated if any damages exist among gauges or inside structures.

Parameter-based imaging from passive multispectral polarimetric measurements.

A modified pBRDF model with a diffuse scattering component is applied to estimate the complex refractive index, slope variance roughness, and diffuse scattering coefficients of object surfaces from time sequences of polarimetric images. The approach is used for the first time to produce parameter-based images from multispectral Stokes imagery of outdoor target scenes collected by the Ground Multiangle Spectro-Polarimetric Imager. The images of the estimated surface parameters show distinctions between different objects in the scenes and the parameter values are consistent with reasonable expectations for the object surfaces.

Complex index of refraction estimation from degree of polarization with diffuse scattering consideration.

The estimation of the refractive index from optical scattering off a target's surface is an important task for remote sensing applications. Optical polarimetry is an approach that shows promise for refractive index estimation. However, this estimation often relies on polarimetric models that are limited to specular targets involving single surface scattering.