Preoperative mannitol infusion improves perioperative cerebral oxygen saturation and enhances postoperative recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objectives: To test the effect of preoperative mannitol infusion on perioperative decreased cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Forty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study conducted at Dammam Hospital of the University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from December 2013 to June 2014. Patients received either 0.

Five-year experience with the peri-operative goal directed management for surgical repair of traumatic aortic injury in the eastern province, Saudi Arabia.

Context: Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) accounts for 1/3 of all trauma victims.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of the adopted standardized immediate pre-operative and intra-operative hemodynamic goal directed control, anesthetic technique and organs protection on the morbidity and mortality in patients presented with TAI.

Settings And Design: An observational retrospective study at a single university teaching hospital.

The use of laryngeal mask airway during transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients.

Background: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the cardiac lab is usually performed in pediatric patients under general anesthesia with an endotracheal intubation (ET). This study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative to ET to maintain pediatric airway during the general anesthesia for TEE.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 pediatric patients undergoing TEE in the cardiac lab were randomized to have their airway maintained during the procedure with either LMA (LMA group) or ET (ET group).

Effect of tidal volume on extravascular lung water content during one-lung ventilation for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomised, controlled trial.

Background: The use of low tidal volume during one-lung ventilation (OLV) has been shown to attenuate the incidence of acute lung injury after thoracic surgery.

Objective: To test the effect of tidal volume during OLV for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on the extravascular lung water content index (EVLWI).

Design: A randomised, double-blind, controlled study.

Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block: single versus triple injection technique for upper limb arteriovenous access surgery.

Background: Although ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block has a good success rate, it remains unclear whether multiple injections are superior to single injection (SI). We compared the sensory block success rate of SI versus triple injection (TI).

Methods: In this randomized double-blind study, 96 end-stage renal disease patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation or superficialization were randomly allocated to receive either SI or TI.

Bibliometric analysis of the volume and visibility of Saudi publications in leading anesthesia journals.

Context: The quantity and quality of publications by a country indicates its contribution towards scientific development.

Aims: To examine the volume and impact of the Saudi anesthesia publications in leading anesthesia journals.

Settings And Design: Fifteen leading anesthesia journals were identified.

Spectral entropy as an objective measure of sedation state in midazolam-premedicated patients.

Context: Objective assessment of sedation depth is a valuable target. Spectral entropy is an anesthetic depth monitor based on the analysis of the electroencephalogram signal.

Aims: To evaluate the performance of spectral entropy as an objective measure of sedation state in midazolam-premedicated patients and to correlate it with a clinically assessed sedation score.

Intravenous lornoxicam is more effective than paracetamol as a supplemental analgesic after lower abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to determine the more effective supplemental analgesic, paracetamol or lornoxicam, for postoperative pain relief after lower abdominal surgery.

Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either isotonic saline (control group), intravenous paracetamol 1 g every 6 h (paracetamol group), or lornoxicam 16 mg then 8 mg after 12 h (lornoxicam group). Additionally pain was treated postoperatively with morphine patient-controlled analgesia.

Is sealing cuff pressure, easy, reliable and safe technique for endotracheal tube cuff inflation?: A comparative study.

Objective: To compare the three common methods of endotracheal tube cuff inflation (sealing pressure, precise standard pressure or finger estimation) regarding the effective tracheal seal and the incidence of post-intubation airway complications.

Methods: Seventy-five adult patients scheduled for N(2) O free general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After induction of anesthesia, endotracheal tubes size 7.

Intraocular pressure and haemodynamic responses to insertion of the i-gel, laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube.

Context: We hypothesised that the effects of insertion of an i-gel supraglottic airway management device on intraocular pressure (IOP) and haemodynamic variables would be milder than those associated with insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or an endotracheal tube.

Objectives: This study evaluated IOP and haemodynamic responses following insertion of an i-gel airway, LMA or endotracheal tube.

Design And Setting: This was a randomised controlled study in a tertiary care centre in which 60 adults scheduled for elective non-ophthalmic procedures under general anaesthesia were allocated to one of three groups.

Preoperative lornoxicam for pain prevention after tonsillectomy in adults.

Study Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative lornoxicam on postoperative pain management following tonsillectomy.

Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Setting: King Fahd University Hospital.

Gentle chest compression relieves extubation laryngospasm in children.

Purpose: Extubation laryngospasm is frequently encountered in children undergoing upper airway surgery. Different drugs and techniques have been used for its treatment. The objective of this study was to examine gentle chest compression as an alternative to standard practice for relief of laryngospasm.

Preoperative peritonsillar lornoxicam infiltration is not superior to intravenous lornoxicam for pain relief following tonsillectomy in adults.

Background And Objective: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have peripheral analgesic effects. We compared the efficacy of peritonsillar infiltration versus intravenous (i.v.

Brief reports: nerve stimulator evoked motor response predicting a successful supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Background: We examined the success rate of supraclavicular brachial plexus block after the different evoked motor responses to nerve stimulation.

Methods: This multicenter observational study included 377 patients. For each block, the evoked motor response elicited at 0.

Double-lumen tube placement using a retractable carinal hook: a preliminary report.

Background: Proper placement of a double-lumen tube (DLT) is vital for its optimal functioning. We modified the standard blind method of left-sided DLT placement using a retractable carinal hook. The aim of this study was to determine whether this modified method could improve the success rate of correct initial tube positioning compared with the conventional method.

Melatonin provides anxiolysis, enhances analgesia, decreases intraocular pressure, and promotes better operating conditions during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia.

Background: Melatonin has anxiolytic and potential analgesic effects. In this study, we assessed the effects of melatonin premedication on pain, anxiety, intraocular pressure (IOP), and operative conditions during cataract surgery under topical analgesia.

Methods: Forty patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups (20 patients each) to receive either melatonin 10 mg tablet (melatonin group) or placebo tablet (control group) as oral premedication 90 min before surgery.

The efficacy of perfusion index as an indicator for intravascular injection of epinephrine-containing epidural test dose in propofol-anesthetized adults.

Background: Perfusion index (PI) is a noninvasive numerical value of peripheral perfusion obtained from a pulse oximeter. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PI for detecting intravascular injection of a simulated epidural test dose containing 15 mug of epinephrine in adults during propofol-based anesthesia and compared its reliability with the conventional heart rate (HR) (positive if >or=10 bpm) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (positive if >or=15 mm Hg) criteria.

Methods: Forty patients scheduled for elective general surgery under total IV anesthesia were randomized to receive either 3 mL of lidocaine 15 mg/mL with epinephrine 5 microg/mL or 3 mL of saline IV (n = 20 each).

Plethysmographic pulse wave amplitude is an effective indicator for intravascular injection of epinephrine-containing epidural test dose in sevoflurane-anesthetized pediatric patients.

Background: Plethysmographic pulse wave amplitude (PPWA) was effective in detecting intravascular injection of epidural test dose with 100% sensitivity and specificity in adults. We evaluated the efficacy of PPWA in detecting intravascular injection of a simulated epidural test dose during sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients.

Methods: Eighty infants and children were randomized to receive either 0.

Melatonin improves tourniquet tolerance and enhances postoperative analgesia in patients receiving intravenous regional anesthesia.

Background: Melatonin has anxiolytic and potential analgesic effects. We assessed the efficacy of melatonin premedication in reducing tourniquet-related pain and improving analgesia in patients receiving IV regional anesthesia (IVRA).

Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective hand surgery under IVRA were randomly assigned into two groups (20 patients each) to receive either melatonin 10 mg (melatonin group) or placebo (control group) as oral premedication.

Tramadol as an adjuvant to intravenous regional anesthesia with lignocaine.

Objective: To assess the effect of different doses of tramadol when added to lignocaine during intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA).

Methods: Sixty patients, scheduled for hand surgery under IVRA in King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to January 2007 were randomly allocated into 3 groups (20 patients each) in a double blind controlled study. All patients received 0.

The effect of etoricoxib premedication on postoperative analgesia requirement in orthopedic and trauma patients.

Objective: We hypothesized that etoricoxib premedication would reduce the need for additional opioids following orthopedic trauma surgery.

Methods: A double blind, controlled study, conducted in King Fahd University Hospital, King Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After obtaining the approval of the Research and Ethics Committee and written consent, 200 American Society of Anesthesiology grade I & II patients that underwent elective upper limb or lower limb fracture fixation surgeries during the period from August 2005 to October 2007 were studied.

The effects of intravenous granisetron on the sensory and motor blockade produced by intrathecal bupivacaine.

Background: We hypothesized that pretreatment with i.v. granisetron would affect the sensory and motor components of spinal blockade through 5-HT(3) receptor blockade.

The efficacy of plethysmographic pulse wave amplitude as an indicator for intravascular injection of epinephrine-containing epidural test dose in anesthetized adults.

In this study, I evaluated the efficacy of plethysmographic pulse wave amplitude (PPWA) in detecting intravascular injection of a simulated epidural test dose containing 15 microg of epinephrine in adults during either sevoflurane or isoflurane inhaled anesthesia and compared its reliability to the classical heart rate (HR; positive if > or =10 bpm) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; positive if > or =15 mm Hg) criteria. Eighty patients were randomized to receive either 1 mean alveolar anesthetic concentration of sevoflurane or 1 mean alveolar anesthetic concentration of isoflurane (n = 40 for each anesthesia group). Patients in each anesthesia group microg of epinephrine IV or 3 mL of saline IV (n = 20 each).