Pediatric kidney transplantation in Egypt: Results of 10-year single-center experience.

Pediatric kidney transplantation is a multidisciplinary therapy that needs special consideration and experience. In this study, we aimed to present CUCH experience; over a 10-year period, as a specialized center of kidney transplantation in children. We studied 148 transplantations performed at a single center from 2009 to 2018.

Visual internal urethrotomy for management of urethral strictures in boys: a comparison of short-term outcome of holmium laser versus cold knife.

Purpose: To compare efficacy and safety of visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) using holmium laser (Ho:YAG) (group A) versus cold knife (group B) in children with urethral strictures. It may be the first comparative study on this issue in children.

Methods: This study compared Ho:YAG group, which was evaluated prospectively from January 2014 till January 2016, versus cold knife group, which was a historical control performed from March 2008 till February 2010.

Risk factors for urological complications following living donor renal transplantation in children.

The aim of this study was to detect possible risk factors for UC and UTI following pediatric renal Tx and effect of these complications on outcome. One hundred and eight children who underwent living donor Tx between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively included. Extraperitoneal approach was used with stented tunneled extravesical procedure.

The role of voiding cystourethrography in asymptomatic unilateral isolated ureteropelvic junction obstruction: A retrospective study.

Introduction: The presence of concomitant vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is uncommon. Nevertheless, the reported VUR coexisting with asymptomatic unilateral isolated hydronephrosis (AUIH) requiring pyeloplasty for correction of UPJO was of low grade and mostly resolved during conservative follow-up. Therefore, VCUG may be not indicated in these children except if voiding symptoms, urinary tract infection (UTI), dilated ureters, or bladder and ureteric abnormalities are suspected.

Lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children: A comparative study of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

Objectives: To compare outcomes of the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children.

Methods: From January 2010 to December 2014, single renal pelvic or lower calyceal calculi 10-25 mm in size in children (age ≤6 years) treated by either extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (64 patients) or the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique (54 patients) were included. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was carried out by using a Dornier electromagnetic lithotripter.

Caudal extradural catheterization in pediatric renal transplant and its effect on perioperative hemodynamics and pain scoring: a prospective randomized study.

Purpose: 'Hockey stick incision' used in renal transplant is large enough to cause severe postoperative morbidity especially in pediatric recipients. Although epidural analgesia is known to be effective in pain control, the resulting sympathectomy might affect hemodynamics interfering with the transplant process. In our study, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of inserting an epidural catheter to the thoracic level via the caudal route, and the effect of using epidural local anesthetics at low concentrations on hemodynamics.

Outcomes of living donor renal transplantation in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction: a comparative retrospective study.

Objectives: To compare outcomes of renal transplantation (RTx) in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) vs other causes.

Patients And Methods: A database of children (<18 years old) who underwent RTx between May 2008 and April 2012 was reviewed. Patients were divided into those with LUTD (group A, n = 29) and those with other causes of ESRD (group B, n = 74).

Outcome of Mini-percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Stones in Infants and Preschool Children: A Prospective Study.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of Miniperc for renal stones in preschool-age patients. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first prospective study on this subject. Reports on Miniperc are still few and mostly retrospective using a sheath size of ≥ 18Fr, which is still relatively large for young children.

Transurethral Holmium Laser Cystolithotripsy in Children: Single Center Experience.

Purpose: To evaluate prospectively safety and efficacy of transurethral cystolithotripsy (CL) in children using holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser. This is important in developing countries, because the risk of bladder stones in children is high. Open cystolithotomy (OC) was the main line of treatment.

Management of obstructive calcular anuria with acute renal failure in children less than 4 years in age: a protocol for initial urinary drainage in relation to planned definitive stone management.

Objectives: To describe and evaluate our protocol for management of children≤4years old with obstructive calcular anuria (OCA) and acute renal failure (ARF) to improve selection of initial urinary drainage (ID) method and to facilitate subsequent definitive stone management (DSM) as studies discussing this special group of patients are still few.

Patients And Methods: Patients with a contraindication to any method of ID were excluded. Decision (percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) or double J (JJ) stent) was based on degree of hydronephrosis and planned DSM.

Ureteric stents vs percutaneous nephrostomy for initial urinary drainage in children with obstructive anuria and acute renal failure due to ureteric calculi: a prospective, randomised study.

Objectives: To compare percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube vs JJ ureteric stenting as the initial urinary drainage method in children with obstructive calcular anuria (OCA) and post-renal acute renal failure (ARF) due to bilateral ureteric calculi, to identify the selection criteria for the initial urinary drainage method that will improve urinary drainage, decrease complications and facilitate the subsequent definitive clearance of stones, as this comparison is lacking in the literature.

Patients And Methods: A series of 90 children aged ≤12 years presenting with OCA and ARF due to bilateral ureteric calculi were included from March 2011 to September 2013 at Cairo University Pediatric Hospital in this randomised comparative study. Patients with grade 0-1 hydronephrosis, fever or pyonephrosis were excluded.

Surgical complications and graft function following live-donor extraperitoneal renal transplantation in children 20 kg or less.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of patient, surgical, and medical factors on surgical complications and graft function following renal transplantation (Tx) in children weighing ≤ 20 kg, because the number of this challenging group of children is increasing.

Patients And Methods: Between June 2009 and October 2013, 26 patients received living donor renal allotransplant using the extraperitoneal approach (EPA). The immunosuppression regimen was composed of prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and ciclosporin or tacrolimus.

Holmium:YAG laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteric calculi in children: predictive factors for complications and success.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of age, stone size, location, radiolucency, extraction of stone fragments, size of ureteroscope and presence and degree of hydronephrosis on the efficacy and safety of holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy in the ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral stones in children.

Methods: Between October 2011 and May 2013, a total of 104 patients were managed using semirigid Ho:YAG ureterolithotripsy. Patient age, stone size and site, radiolucency, use of extraction devices, degree of hydronephrosis and size of ureteroscope were compared for operative time, success and complications.

Renal recoverability in infants with obstructive calcular anuria: is it better than in older children?

Objective: Urolithiasis in infants can cause considerable morbidity. The literature regarding calcular anuria in this age group is very defective. Our aim was to evaluate impact of intervention on renal recoverability in these infants.

Semi-rigid ureteroscopy for ureteric and renal pelvic calculi: Predictive factors for complications and success.

Objective: To analyse and compare the effect of stone site and size, method of lithotripsy, and level of experience on the results and complications of semi-rigid ureteroscopy for ureteric and renal pelvic stones.

Patients And Methods: Between April 2010 and May 2011, 90 patients underwent 95 ureteroscopies, using 7.5- and 9-F semi-rigid ureteroscopes, with or without pneumatic or laser lithotripsy.

Effect of size and site on the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of proximal urinary stones in children.

Objective: To determine the effect of location and size of stones on the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in children.

Patients And Methods: In 2008-2010, 150 children (median age 6.6 years) with radio-opaque ureteric and renal stones measuring ≤4 cm were treated.

Renal pelvis reduction during dismembered pyeloplasty: is it necessary?

Objective: To compare treatment results in patients who underwent pyeloplasty with and without pelvic reduction for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

Methods: This randomized prospective study involved 40 patients, all diagnosed with unilateral UPJO; 20 each were randomly selected to undergo open dismembered pyeloplasty with pelvic reduction (group A) or pelvis-sparing pyeloplasty (group B). Patients were evaluated with ultrasound and DPTA renography scans 6 months postoperatively.

Assessment of recoverability of kidney function in children with obstructive calcular anuria: multicenter study.

Objective: Urolithiasis in children can cause considerable morbidity. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of intervention on the recoverability of kidney functions.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 93 children (66 boys and 27 girls) with median age of 3 years (range 0-14).