High-speed spectral imaging via multispectral pulse illumination and temporal-spectral decoupling.

Spectral imaging (SI) faces inherent trade-offs among spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions due to limited bandwidth. Current high-speed SI systems, relying on fast modulation or specific cameras, compromise spatial resolution or suffer high complexity and cost. This work presents a low-cost, high-speed SI scheme achieving up to 240 frames per second (fps) and even s-resolved multispectral observation.

Structural Similarity-Induced Inter-Component Interaction in Silicone Polymer-Based Composite Sunscreen Film for Enhanced UV Protection.

Film-forming agents are key ingredients in achieving long-lasting and effective sun protection by sunscreens. However, studies on the synergistic effects of film-forming agents with different properties as well as the interaction between film-forming agents and powders are scarce, restricting the development of sunscreens with strong ultraviolet (UV)-shielding effects. Herein, we innovatively adopt polysiloxane-15 as the soft film, trimethylsiloxysilicate as the hard film, and vinyl dimethicone/methicone silsesquioxane crosspolymer as the functional powder to construct a co-assembled sunscreen film, and we investigate the property-enhancing effects of the sunscreen film as well as the interaction between the silicone polymer-based film-forming agents and functional powder therein.

Optimization of Thermoelectric Performance of AgTe Films via a Co-Sputtering Method.

Providing self-powered energy for wearable electronic devices is currently an important research direction in the field of thermoelectric (TE) thin films. In this study, a simple dual-source magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare AgTe thin films, which exhibit good TE properties at room temperature, and the growth temperature and subsequent annealing process were optimized to obtain high-quality films. The experimental results show that films grown at a substrate temperature of 280 °C exhibit a high power factor (PF) of ~3.

Ultra-fast light-field microscopy with event detection.

The event detection technique has been introduced to light-field microscopy, boosting its imaging speed in orders of magnitude with simultaneous axial resolution enhancement in scattering medium.

SpectraTrack: megapixel, hundred-fps, and thousand-channel hyperspectral imaging.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) finds broad applications in various fields due to its substantial optical signatures for the intrinsic identification of physical and chemical characteristics. However, it faces the inherent challenge of balancing spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution due to limited bandwidth. Here we present SpectraTrack, a computational HSI scheme that simultaneously achieves high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution in the visible-to-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectral range.

Individual and combined effects of high-temperature stress at booting and flowering stages on rice grain quality.

Background: High temperature stress (HTS) has become a serious threat to rice grain quality and few studies have examined the effects of HTS across multiple stages on rice grain quality. In the present study, we conducted 2 years of HTS treatments under three temperature regimes (32/22 °C, 40/30 °C and 44/34 °C) and HTS durations of 2 days and 4 days at three critical stages: booting, flowering, and a combination of booting and flowering. We employed the heat degree days (HDD) metric, which accounts for both the level and duration of HTS, to quantify the relationships between grain quality traits and HTS.

Molecular basis of human noradrenaline transporter reuptake and inhibition.

Noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine, has a wide range of activities and effects on most brain cell types. Its reuptake from the synaptic cleft heavily relies on the noradrenaline transporter (NET) located in the presynaptic membrane. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human NET in both its apo state and when bound to substrates or antidepressant drugs, with resolutions ranging from 2.

Enhancing Hi-C contact matrices for loop detection with Capricorn: a multiview diffusion model.

Motivation: High-resolution Hi-C contact matrices reveal the detailed three-dimensional architecture of the genome, but high-coverage experimental Hi-C data are expensive to generate. Simultaneously, chromatin structure analyses struggle with extremely sparse contact matrices. To address this problem, computational methods to enhance low-coverage contact matrices have been developed, but existing methods are largely based on resolution enhancement methods for natural images and hence often employ models that do not distinguish between biologically meaningful contacts, such as loops and other stochastic contacts.

A whole-slide foundation model for digital pathology from real-world data.

Digital pathology poses unique computational challenges, as a standard gigapixel slide may comprise tens of thousands of image tiles. Prior models have often resorted to subsampling a small portion of tiles for each slide, thus missing the important slide-level context. Here we present Prov-GigaPath, a whole-slide pathology foundation model pretrained on 1.

A Portable Integrated Electrochemical Sensing System for On-Site Nitrite Detection in Food.

Ensuring an appropriate nitrite level in food is essential to keep the body healthy. However, it still remains a huge challenge to offer a portable and low-cost on-site food nitrite analysis without any expensive equipment. Herein, a portable integrated electrochemical sensing system (IESS) is developed to achieve rapid on-site nitrite detection in food, which is composed of a low-cost disposable microfluidic electrochemical patch for few-shot nitrite detection, and a reusable smartphone-assisted electronic device based on self-designed circuit board for signal processing and wireless transmission.

Bismuth-Based Electrocatalysts for Identical Value-Added Formic Acid Through Coupling CO Reduction and Methanol Oxidation.

It is an effective way to reduce atmospheric CO via electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), while the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs at the anode with huge energy consumption. Herein, methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is used to replace OER, coupling CORR to achieve co-production of formate. Through enhancing OCHO* adsorption by oxygen vacancies engineering and synergistic effect by heteroatom doping, Bi/BiO and Ni─Bi(OH) are synthesized for efficient production of formate via simultaneous CORR and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), achieving that the coupling of CORR//MOR only required 7.

Deep flanking sequence engineering for efficient promoter design using DeepSEED.

Designing promoters with desirable properties is essential in synthetic biology. Human experts are skilled at identifying strong explicit patterns in small samples, while deep learning models excel at detecting implicit weak patterns in large datasets. Biologists have described the sequence patterns of promoters via transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs).

High-Performance Thermoelectric Flexible AgSe-Based Films with Wave-Shaped Buckling via a Thermal Diffusion Method.

Herein, an n-type AgSe thermoelectric flexible thin film has been fabricated on a polyimide (PI) substrate via a novel thermal diffusion method, and the thermoelectric performance is well-optimized by adjusting the pressure and temperature of thermal diffusion. All of the AgSe films are beneficial to grow (013) preferred orientations, which is conducive to performing a high Seebeck coefficient. By increasing the thermal diffusion temperature, the electrical conductivity can be rationally regulated while maintaining the independence of the Seebeck coefficient, which is mainly attributed to the increased electric mobility.

Metal-organic frameworks-derived oxalate ligand modified NiCo hydroxides for enhanced electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction.

Glycerol oxidation reaction can be substituted for oxygen evolution reaction for more efficient hydrogen production due to its lower thermodynamic potential. Herein, a series of NiCo hydroxide nanosheets containing abundant Ni species and surface ligands were synthesized by in-situ structural transformation of bimetallic organic frameworks in alkaline media for efficient glycerol oxidation reaction. It is found that the incorporation of Co ions increases the content of the Ni species, and that the Ni/Co ratio of 1.

Gemini: memory-efficient integration of hundreds of gene networks with high-order pooling.

Motivation: The exponential growth of genomic sequencing data has created ever-expanding repositories of gene networks. Unsupervised network integration methods are critical to learn informative representations for each gene, which are later used as features for downstream applications. However, these network integration methods must be scalable to account for the increasing number of networks and robust to an uneven distribution of network types within hundreds of gene networks.

Normal-weight visceral obesity promotes a higher 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a multicenter study in China.

Background: Visceral obesity is associated with high cardiovascular events risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether normal-weight visceral obesity will pose a higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk than body mass index (BMI)-defined overweight or obese counterparts with or without visceral obesity remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between general obesity and visceral obesity and 10-year ASCVD risk in patients with T2DM.

Development and validation of a multivariable risk prediction model for identifying ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes.

Background: To develop and validate a multivariable risk prediction model for ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on clinical characteristics.

Methods: A total of 964 participants newly diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled in the modeling and validation cohort. Baseline clinical data were collected and analyzed.

Dual-Atom Catalysts Derived from a Preorganized Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction.

Dual-atom catalysts (DAC) are deemed as promising electrocatalysts due to the abundant active sites and adjustable electronic structure, but the fabrication of well-defined DAC is still full of challenges. Herein, bonded Fe dual-atom catalysts (Fe DAC) with Fe N C O configuration were developed through one-step carbonization of a preorganized covalent organic framework with bimetallic Fe chelation sites (Fe COF). The transition from Fe COF to Fe DAC involved the dissociation of the nanoparticles and the capture of atoms by carbon defects.

Multilingual translation for zero-shot biomedical classification using BioTranslator.

Existing annotation paradigms rely on controlled vocabularies, where each data instance is classified into one term from a predefined set of controlled vocabularies. This paradigm restricts the analysis to concepts that are known and well-characterized. Here, we present the novel multilingual translation method BioTranslator to address this problem.

Urban stormwater management at the meso-level: A review of trends, challenges and approaches.

Cities worldwide are facing a significant threat of stormwater hazards caused by the increase in extreme downpours and urbanization. Meso-level urban stormwater management focuses on alleviating the detrimental impacts of urban flooding and enhancing water resource utilization at the block or community scale, typically through 1) specific policies and management rules; 2) catchment-scale scenario simulation, optimization and evaluation; 3) the group of stormwater control measures implementation. It may effectively coordinate macro-level urban stormwater management planning and micro-level distributed stormwater control facilities.

Effects of Si Substrates with Variable Initial Orientations on the Growth and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi-Sb-Te Thin Films.

For thermoelectric thin film, the substrate plays an important role during the growing process and produces effects on its thermoelectric properties. Some special kinds of substrates provide an optimal combination of influences on both the structure and thermoelectric properties. In this work, Bi-Sb-Te films are deposited on Si substrates with different initial orientations by magnetron sputtering in two ways: with and without a pre-coating process.

Significance of the great protection of the Yangtze River: Riverine input contributes primarily to the presence of PAHs and HMs in its estuary and the adjacent sea.

The Yangtze River protection strategies are expected to improve the water quality and ecological function of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE). The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 heavy metals (HMs) in the YRE were measured and the riverine fluxes were calculated subsequently. In particular, the concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in seawater decreased over time, while those of other studied pollutants did not change a lot.