A2 reactive astrocyte-derived exosomes alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by delivering miR-628.

Ischemia and hypoxia activate astrocytes into reactive types A1 and A2, which play roles in damage and protection, respectively. However, the function and mechanism of A1 and A2 astrocyte exosomes are unknown. After astrocyte exosomes were injected into the lateral ventricle, infarct volume, damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), apoptosis and the expression of microglia-related proteins were measured.

Longitudinal changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system are related to the prognosis of stroke.

Background And Purpose: This study sought to improve methods to identify biomarkers in the neuroendocrine system related to stroke progression to improve the accuracy of traditional tools for evaluating stroke prognosis.

Methods: Seventy-four stroke patients and 237 healthy controls were prospectively included. We measured urinary epinephrine (E), noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA) and cortisol (F) on days 1, 3, and 5 after stroke onset and plasma F, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH).

Time-varying spillovers among pilot carbon emission trading markets in China.

Clarifying the time-varying spillovers among pilot carbon emission permit trading markets in China is an important foundation for building the national carbon emission trading market. We calculate the dynamic spillover of carbon price return among the pilot carbon emission permit trading markets in China with the time-varying connectedness approach. The dataset is constructed from transaction data from seven pilot carbon markets in China during the period of June 23, 2014, to December 31, 2020.

The Fate of SWCNTs in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages: Exocytosis, Biodegradation, and Sustainable Retention.

The understanding of toxicological and pharmacological profiles of nanomaterials is an important step for the development and clinical application of nanomedicines. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively explored as a nanomedicine agent in pharmaceutical/biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. The biological durability of CNTs could affect the function of CNTs-based nanomedicines as well as their toxicity in cells and tissues.

Residue investigation of some phenylureas and tebuthiuron herbicides in vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with integrated selective accelerated solvent extraction-clean up in situ.

Background: Some trace amounts of urea herbicide residues can be transferred to humans via the food chain, thereby being potentially harmful to human health. The development of a robust analytical methodology for effective sample preparation and simultaneous determination of herbicide residues in vegetable samples is required for achieving food safety.

Results: The diuron-molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesized have excellent affinity and high selectivity to phenylureas (monolinuron, isoproturon, diuron and linuron) and tebuthiuron.

Rapid selective accelerated solvent extraction and simultaneous determination of herbicide atrazine and its metabolites in fruit by ultra high performance liquid chromatography.

A selective accelerated solvent extraction procedure achieved one step extraction and cleanup for analysis of herbicide atrazine and its metabolites in fruit. Using a BEH C18 analytical column and the gradient mode with 2 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution/acetonitrile as a mobile phase achieved effective chromatographic separation of the five analytes within 4 min. The calibration curves were linear over two orders of magnitude of concentration with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.

Biomimetic Modification and In Vivo Safety Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

The efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biomedical applications depends on the magnetic properties, long time stability in biological fluids, and specific targeting capacity. The properties of SPIONs were generally improved by surface modification, but common modification technologies were usually conducted with multi-steps under rigid conditions. In this work, a facile and simple approach to synthesize functionalized SPIONs contrast agents was set up.

Trace residue analysis of dicyandiamide, cyromazine, and melamine in animal tissue foods by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

An effective sample preparation procedure using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure, followed by cleaning with melamine molecularly imprinted polymers solid-phase extraction (MISPE) was developed. A novel and highly sensitive ASE-MISPE-ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for effective separation and simultaneous determination of dicyandiamide (DCD), cyromazine (CYR), and melamine (MEL) in complex animal tissue foods. Under optimized conditions, good linearity was achieved with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.

Investigation of six bioactive anthraquinones in slimming tea by accelerated solvent extraction and high performance capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection.

A rapid and effective method for effective separation and rapid simultaneous determination of six bioactive anthraquinones by capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. An accelerated solvent extraction procedure was used for the extraction of anthraquinones from slimming tea. Under the optimized conditions, the effective separation of six anthraquinones was achieved within 8 min.

Multi-class, multi-residue analysis of trace veterinary drugs in milk by rapid screening and quantification using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

A simple and rapid multi-class multi-residue analytical method was developed for the screening and quantification of veterinary drugs in milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). A total of 90 veterinary drugs investigated belonged to almost 20 classes including lincomycins, macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, β-agonists, β-lactams, sedatives, β-receptor antagonists, sex hormones, glucocorticoids, nitroimidazoles, benzimidazoles, nitrofurans, and some others. A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure was developed for the sample preparation without the solid-phase extraction step.

Development of multi-residue analysis of herbicides in cereal grain by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.

A rapid and sensitive method was developed for the determination of 50 herbicides in cereal grain by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Using acetonitrile effectively extracted 22 kinds of triazine and other basic herbicides, and using 90:10 v/v acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH = 7.5) effectively extracted other 28 herbicides.

Highly sensitive determination of cyromazine, melamine, and their metabolites in milk by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

A novel molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography (MISPE-UPLC) method for effective separation and simultaneous determination of cyromazine, melamine, and their metabolites (ammeline and ammelide) in milk samples was developed. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were synthesized in an ethanol-water system, with melamine as the template and methacrylic acid as the organic functional monomer. The MIP were applied as a specific sorbent for the selective solid phase extraction of cyromazine, ammelide, melamine and ammeline.

Synthesis and evaluation of dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres for the specific solid-phase extraction of six anthraquinones from slimming tea.

Dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres with danthron as template were synthesized and their performance was evaluated. Accelerated solvent extraction can rapidly and effectively remove template molecules from the microspheres. The microspheres were applied as a specific sorbent for solid-phase extraction of six anthraquinones from slimming tea, showing excellent affinity and high selectivity to danthron and the target analytes.

Residues investigation of fluoroquinolones and sulphonamides and their metabolites in bovine milk by quantification and confirmation using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A novel UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification and confirmation of eight fluoroquinolones, five sulphonamides (SAs) and four acetyled metabolites in milk is developed. Their main fragmentation pathways were presented. The limits of quantification were in the range of 0.

Study on the interaction characteristics of cefamandole with bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic technique.

The interaction of cefamandole with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence quenching in combination with UV-Vis spectroscopic method under near physiological conditions. The fluorescence quenching rate constants and binding constants for BSA-cefamandole system were determined at different temperatures. The fluorescence quenching of BSA by cefamandole is due to static quenching and energy transfer.

Gene expression profiling analysis of locus coeruleus in idiopathic Parkinson's disease by bioinformatics.

This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) by bioinformatics analysis. Gene expression profile GSE34516 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Eight locus coeruleus post-mortem tissue samples derived from four IPD patients and four neurological healthy controls were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by paired t test.

Analysis of dissolved organic matters in Fu River of Baoding using three dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix.

The fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Fu River in Baoding were investigated by three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry. The type, distribution and origin of the DOM were estimated on basis of the position, number and intensity of fluorescence peaks in the spectra. Two types of fluorescence peaks were detected from Fu River.

Research on degradation of penicillins in milk by β-lactamase using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The degradation of penicillin G, penicillin V, and ampicillin in milk in the presence of β-lactamase was investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Degradation products of the 3 penicillins in milk were identified based on the fact that the metabolites or degradation products contain a substructure of penicillin, and their degradation pathways in acidic milk in presence of β-lactamase were developed. The influence of factors on the degradation was investigated, including β-lactamase dosage, temperature, time, and acidity.

A sensitive and validated HPLC method for the determination of cyromazine and melamine in herbal and edible plants using accelerated solvent extraction and cleanup with SPE.

A highly sensitive method was developed for the determination of the residues of cyromazine (CYR) and its metabolite, melamine (MEL), in herbal and edible plant samples by using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD) with accelerated solvent extraction and solid phase extraction cleanup. The conditions of separation and detection were investigated and optimized. A Waters C18 column (250 × 4.

Preparation of doxycycline-imprinted magnetic microspheres by inverse-emulsion suspension polymerization for magnetic dispersion extraction of tetracyclines from milk samples.

A magnetic dispersion extraction method was developed based on a molecularly imprinted magnetic microsphere (MIMM) for the selective clean-up and enrichment of tetracycline antibiotics from milk samples. The MIMMs were prepared by inverse-emulsion suspension polymerization, using doxycycline, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylic acid, and surface-modified Fe3 O4 as a template molecule, crosslinker, functional monomer, and magnetic component, respectively. Synthesis and extraction conditions were optimized for obtaining excellent affinity and high selectivity.

[Identification of geographical origins of rice with pattern recognition technique by near infrared spectroscopy].

A rapid method was developed for discrimination of the geographical origins of rice with pattern recognition technique by near infrared spectrocopy (NIRS). A total of 119 geography signs product Xiangshui rice samples and 90 rice (Non-Xiangshui rice) samples produced from other places were analyzed by NIRS. After first derivative and smooth processing, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data.

Efficient purification of His-tagged protein by superparamagnetic Fe3O4/Au-ANTA-Co2+ nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles were synthesized and surface modified with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), followed by conjugating Nα,Nα-Bis(carboxymethyl)-l-lysine hydrate (ANTA) and subsequently chelating Co(2+). The resulting Fe3O4/Au-ANTA-Co(2+) nanoparticles have an average size of 210 nm in aqueous solution, and a magnetization of 36 emu/g, endowing the magnetic nanoparticles with excellent magnetic responsivity and dispersity. The Co(2+) ions in the magnetic nanoparticle shell provide docking site for histidine, and the Fe3O4/Au-ANTA-Co(2+) nanoparticles exhibit excellent performance in binding of a His-tagged protein with a binding capacity of 74 μg/mg.

[Curve fitting based on genetic algorithms for quantitative resolution in overlapped fluorescence spectra].

The exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) model-based genetic algorithm was used as a fitness function for fitting fluorescence spectrogram. The method was effective for solving the interference of fluorescent substance in the course of the multi-component quantitative analysis. As an example, the interference of endogenous fluorophores in different urines with the fluorescence of gatifloxacin (GFLX) was examined.

Simultaneous determination of the combined drugs of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Aim: To develop a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of the combined drugs (ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin) in human urine.

Methods: Ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were separated on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, AKZO NOBEL, Bohus, Sweden) analytical column, using the mobile phase consisted of 1.