Danggui-Shaoyao San alleviates cognitive impairment via enhancing HIF-1α/EPO axis in vascular dementia rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Invigorating blood circulation to remove blood stasis is a primary strategy in TCM for treating vascular dementia (VaD). Danggui-Shaoyao San (DSS), as a traditional prescription for neuroprotective activity, has been proved to be effective in VaD treatment. However, its precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

The Adjustment of Complexity on Sarcasm Processing in Chinese: Evidence from Reading Time Indicators.

It is controversial whether sarcasm processing should go through literal meaning processing. There is also a lack of eye movement evidence for Chinese sarcasm processing. In this study, we used eye movement experiments to explore the processing differences between sarcastic and literal meaning in Chinese text and whether this was regulated by sentence complexity.

Neural activity during processing Chinese irony text: An event-related potential study.

Objective: Irony as an indirect language with unpredictability consumes more cognitive resources, and is more difficult to understand than literal language. This study aims to explore the processing differences between irony and literal sentences using event-related potential (ERP) technology.

Materials And Methods: Three types of sentences were involved: sentences with predictable literal meaning, sentences with unpredictable literal meaning, and sentences with ironic meaning.

[Effects of acetamide at different doses on expression of amino acids in cerebral cortex of rats with acute tetramine poisoning].

Objective: To investigate the effects of acetamide at different doses on the expression of inhibitory amino acids (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA) and excitatory amino acid (glutamate, Glu) in the cerebral cortex of rats with acute tetramine (TET) poisoning.

Methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats (SPF) were randomly divided into five groups, with 16 rats in each group: saline control group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group, TET exposure group, high-dose (2.8 g/kg/d) acetamide treatment group, and super-high-dose (5.

[Effect of acetamide on histopathology in cerebral cortex of rats with tetramine poisoning].

Objective: To observe the effect of different doses of acetamide on the histopathology in the cerebral cortex of rats with tetramine (TET) poisoning and to provide a basis for the treatment of fluoroacetamide poisoning with acetamide.

Methods: Eighty clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: saline control group,dimethylsulfoxide water solution control group,TET poisoning group, acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group, and acetamide (5.

[Study the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase in lungs of rats exposed to Paraquat (PQ)].

Objective: To observe the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and membrane-type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in lung of rats exposed to paraquat (PQ) and the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 on above expression.

Methods: Ninety adult healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (group A, 6 rats), the exposure group (group B, 42 rats) and the group treated by Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 (group C, 42 rats). The group B and C were treated intragastrically with 1ml of PQ (50 mg/kg), and the group A was treated intragastrically with normal saline.

[Expression of nuclear factor kappaB and tumor necrosis factor α in lung tissue of paraquat poisoned rats].

Objective: To investigate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kgr;B) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats.

Methods: 68 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 8), the intoxication group (n = 60). On the 1st, the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th and the 28th day after intoxication, the expression of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in lung tissue were detected by LSAB immunohistochemistry (IH) staining.

[Pathologic changes and expression of Heme oxygenase-1 in paraquat-induced renal injury].

Objective: To study the mechanism of paraquat-induced renal injury in rats.

Methods: Adult healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (female and male in half) were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the paraquat poisoned group. The rats in the paraquat poisoned group were treated with PQ (25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally while the rats in the control group were treated with the same dose of normal saline.

[Effects of high dose ambroxol on lung injury induced by paraquat in rats].

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of high dose ambroxol, a mucoactive drug, on acute lung injury caused by paraquat in rats.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n = 24) injected with normal saline intraperitoneally, PQ group (n = 56) [(2% paraquat (25 mg/kg) injected into peritoneal cavity on the first day)] and AT group (n = 56) ambroxol 35 mg/kg was injected into peritoneum daily after paraquat intoxication once daily for 7 consecutive days. The arterial gas was determined and the extent of lung injury was assessed by measuring the ratio of wet to dry weight (W/D) and protein content in BALF, the WBC count, the percentage of PMN, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood and BALF respectively.

[Changes of p38 MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats].

Objective: To investigate NF-kappaB activity and the expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats and the effect of MT.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: poisoned group, MT group and control group. On the 1st, the 3rd, the 7th and the 14th day after exposure, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were detected, NF-kappaB activity in the lung tissues was assessed by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), the expression of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK was evaluated by Western blot method, the lung pathological changes of rats were observed.

[Influence of ambroxol on paraquat-induced lung tissue injury and change of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A in the experimental rats].

Objective: To investigate the influence of ambroxol on paraquat poisoning induced acute lung tissue injury and the change of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A in the experimental rats.

Methods: One hundred and twenty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomizedly assigned into normal saline (NS) group (n = 24), paraquat poisoning induced lung tissue injury model (PQ) group (n = 48) and ambroxol treatment (AT) group (n = 48). The indexes were observed among the three groups comprising the mortality rate, the change of arterial blood PaCO(2) and PaO(2), the ratio of wet to dry lung tissue (W/D), the change of the lung tissue under light and electric microscope respectively, and the expression of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A.

[Propofol protecting rats from paraquat induced lung injury].

Objective: To investigate the protective efficacy of propofol against paraquat induced lung injury.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomizedly divided into three groups: the control group (n = 8), the intoxication group (n = 60) and the propofol group (n = 60). One hundred and twenty rats were once administered with 5 mg/kg paraquat (PQ) by the intragastrical injection to establish the model of PQ induced lung injury.

[Effect of baicalin on expression of heme oxygenase-1 in lung injury of rats associated with paraquat poisoning].

Objective: To investigate the effect of baicalin (Bai) on lung injury, the level of TNF-alpha in cultured liquid of pulmonary interstitial macrophage and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning.

Methods: Rats were randomizedly divided into four groups: control group, PQ group, Bai group (Bai, 300 mg.kg(-1).