Description of bone health in adolescents and young persons with Klinefelter syndrome - results from a pilot study.

Background: In adults with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), impaired bone health with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) has been described even in the presence of testosterone replacement therapy. The aim of the present study was to characterize bone health in young patients with KS.

Patients And Methods: 20 participants aged 16.

No Impairment in Bone Turnover or Executive Functions in Well-Treated Preschoolers with Phenylketonuria-A Pilot Study.

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) present signs of impaired executive functioning and bone health in adolescence and adulthood, depending in part on the success of therapy in childhood. Therefore, nine children with well-treated PKU (4-7 years old, 22.2% ♀, seven with a full set of data, two included into partial analysis) and 18 age-, gender- and season-matched controls were analyzed for differences in executive functioning and bone parameters in plasma.

l-Arginine/nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in adults with ADHD: Effects of methylphenidate treatment.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder that was once thought to occur only in children. Meanwhile, it is known that adults can also be affected. The first-line drug in children and adults to treat symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, lack of self-regulation, and hyperactivity is methylphenidate (MPH).

Cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and young adults with Klinefelter syndrome - a pilot study.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) may be associated with a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes including endocrine, metabolic, cognitive, psychiatric and cardiorespiratory pathologies in adults. However, in adolescence the clinical phenotype of KS is not well described, especially regarding physical fitness. The present study reports on cardiorespiratory function in adolescents and young adults with KS.

Reduced trabecular bone mineral density and thinner cortices in men with distal forearm fractures.

Men with distal forearm fractures have reduced bone density, an increased risk of osteoporosis and of further fractures. The aim of the study was to investigate the structural determinants of these observations using quantitative CT (qCT). Ninety six men with low-trauma distal forearm fracture and 101 age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited.

Homocysteine as a potential indicator of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in female patients with borderline personality disorder.

Background: There is increasing evidence suggesting that patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to the general population. Homocysteine (Hcy) has been discussed as a serum marker for endothelial dysfunction as a mechanism involved in CVD and has been shown to be associated with numerous psychiatric conditions. Pathophysiologically, there seems to be a link between Hcy and psychological stress mediated by abnormal activity of the autonomic nervous system.

Characterization of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Patients with Atopic Diseases.

Introduction: L-Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid. Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms convert Arg to nitric oxide (NO), a potent vaso- and bronchodilator with multiple biological functions. Atopic dermatitis (AD) and bronchial asthma (BA) are atopic diseases affecting many children globally.

Bone turnover markers as determinants of bone density and fracture in men with distal forearm fractures: the pathogenesis examined in the Mr F study.

Unlabelled: The pathogenesis for low-trauma wrist fractures in men is not fully understood. This study found that these men had evidence of significantly higher bone turnover compared with control subjects. Bone turnover markers were negative predictors of bone mineral density and were a predictor of fracture.

Housing experience affects adult neurogenesis in turtles (Chrysemys picta).

Adult neurogenesis increases in mammals when they are exposed to an enriched environment or given the opportunity to exercise. In this experiment, we investigated whether turtles would show differences in the number of new neurons in the telencephalon when they were exposed to deep water, conspecifics, and plants and logs (EE group), compared to a group of animals housed in individual cages with shallow water (IN group). A control group (EX) was given deep water and conspecifics but no plants and logs.

Local and Systemic Alterations of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Sputum, Blood, and Urine of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment.

Alterations in the L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway have been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) as the result of various factors including systemic and local inflammatory activity in the airways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Arg/NO metabolism in pediatric CF patients with special emphasis on lung impairment and antibiotic treatment. Seventy CF patients and 78 healthy controls were included in the study.

Activated L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis and Its Association with Pancreatic Insufficiency, Liver Involvement and Nourishment: An Overview and New Results.

Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a chloride channel defect, resulting in lung disease, pancreas insufficiency and liver impairment. Altered L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) metabolism has been observed in CF patients' lungs and in connection with malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of the Arg/NO pathway in the plasma and urine of CF patients and to identify possible risk factors, especially associated with malnutrition.

Enhanced Nitric Oxide (NO) and Decreased ADMA Synthesis in Pediatric ADHD and Selective Potentiation of NO Synthesis by Methylphenidate.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common pediatric psychiatric disorder, frequently treated with methylphenidate (MPH). Recently, MPH's cardiovascular safety has been questioned by observational studies describing an increased cardiovascular risk in adults and blood pressure alterations in children. We considered members of the L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway as possible early cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric ADHD children.

Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) of the Distal Forearm in Men Using a Spiral Whole-Body CT Scanner - Description of a Method and Reliability Assessment of the QCT Pro Software.

The Mr F study investigates the pathogenesis of low trauma distal forearm fractures in men and includes volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measurements at the ultradistal forearm as there are no current data. A standard 64 slice CT scanner was used to determine if it was possible to adapt the existing Mindways quantitative computed tomography Pro software for measuring vBMD values at the hip and spine sites. For calculation of intra- and interobserver reliability 40 forearm scans out of the 300 available were chosen randomly.

Effect of Alendronic Acid on Fracture Healing: A Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

There is a concern that bisphosphonates may impair fracture healing because of their inhibitory effects on bone turnover. Here we evaluated the effects of early bisphosphonate therapy on fracture healing and functional outcome following a fracture of the distal radius. The fracture and bisphosphonates (FAB) trial was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 15 trauma centers in the United Kingdom.

Does regional loss of bone density explain low trauma distal forearm fractures in men (the Mr F study)?

Unlabelled: The pathogenesis of low trauma wrist fractures in men is not fully understood. This study found that these men have lower bone mineral density at the forearm itself, as well as the hip and spine, and has shown that forearm bone mineral density is the best predictor of wrist fracture.

Introduction: Men with distal forearm fractures have reduced bone density at the lumbar spine and hip sites, an increased risk of osteoporosis and a higher incidence of further fractures.

A Next-Generation TRK Kinase Inhibitor Overcomes Acquired Resistance to Prior TRK Kinase Inhibition in Patients with TRK Fusion-Positive Solid Tumors.

Larotrectinib, a selective TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has demonstrated histology-agnostic efficacy in patients with TRK fusion-positive cancers. Although responses to TRK inhibition can be dramatic and durable, duration of response may eventually be limited by acquired resistance. LOXO-195 is a selective TRK TKI designed to overcome acquired resistance mediated by recurrent kinase domain (solvent front and xDFG) mutations identified in multiple patients who have developed resistance to TRK TKIs.

Is there sufficient evidence to support intervention to manage shoulder arthritis?

Background: We explore the nature, extent and validity of research studies concerning the management of shoulder arthritis to identify whether current management recommendations are adequate.

Methods: A full electronic search for relevant studies published between 2002 and 2012 was performed. The search focused on level 1 and level 2 studies.

Biceps sheath fluid on shoulder ultrasound as a predictor of rotator cuff tear: analysis of a consecutive cohort.

Background: Ultrasound provides evaluation of rotator cuff disease with accuracy comparable to that of magnetic resonance imaging. Fluid in the sheath of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB), identified on ultrasound scan, has been associated with disease of the rotator cuff, LHB, and glenohumeral joint. Prior literature has compared ultrasound findings only with arthrography, and results have been conflicting.

Effects of psychological distress and perceptions of illness on recovery from total knee replacement.

This cohort study investigated the influence of psychological factors, including perception of illness, anxiety and depression on recovery and functional outcome after total knee replacement surgery. A total of 100 patients (55 male; 45 female) with a mean age of 71 (42 to 92) who underwent a primary total knee replacement for osteoarthritis were recruited into this study. In all 97 participants completed the six week and 87 the one year follow-up questionnaires.

Prostate cancer and osteoporosis.

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is one of the commonest cancers in the world. Due to a combination of earlier detection and better treatments, survival has increased dramatically. Prostate cancer itself is associated with lower bone density and increased fractures.

Functional outcome of PFC Sigma fixed and rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty. A prospective randomised controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in functional outcome between the PFC Sigma fixed-bearing and rotating-platform total knee replacement systems. One hundred twenty patients were randomised to receive either a fixed-bearing or rotating-platform PFC Sigma total knee replacement. Range of movement (ROM), Oxford knee score (OKS) and Knee Society score (KSS) were assessed independently before and one year after surgery.

Large and massive tears of the rotator cuff: functional outcome and integrity of the repair after a mini-open procedure.

The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome and rate of re-tears following mini-open repair of symptomatic large and massive tears of the rotator cuff using a two-row technique. The 24 patients included in the study were assessed prospectively before and at a mean of 27 months (18 to 53) after surgery using the Constant and the Oxford Shoulder scores. Ultrasound examination was carried out at follow-up to determine the integrity of the repair.