A Single Standard Polyvinyl Chloride 3D Skull Model to Create the Polymethyl Methacrylate Cranioplasty Flap: A Novel and Low-Cost Technique.

Background:  Although, cranioplasty is a commonly performed neurosurgical procedure worldwide, the cost of available cranioplasty implants is a major issue in a low-income country like India. The aims of this study were to introduce a novel and low-cost technique using a single standard three-dimensional (3D) skull model to guide the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cranioplasty flap production and to evaluate the functional and cosmetic outcomes.

Methods:  We retrospectively evaluated 47 cases of PMMA cranioplasty in the period from February 2019 to June 2022.

Supratentorial Intracerebral Hematoma as a Rare Complication of Posterior Fossa Surgery in Prone Position: A Case Report with Review of Literature.

Supratentorial intracerebral hematoma is a rare complication after posterior fossa tumor surgery in prone positioning. Although rare, its occurrence may cause significant impact on survival of the patient. We had described this rare complication and their possible pathophysiology in this report.

Surgical, Clinical, and Radiological Outcomes Analysis of Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies Cases: An Institutional Experience.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes analysis of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies cases.  Retrospective analysis of 43 CVJ anomalies cases, which were surgically managed at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, from period between June 2015 and June 2019. They were analyzed for age, sex, clinical characteristics, radiological diagnosis, and treatment given.

Prognostic Role of Catecholamine in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

 Traumatic brain injury leads to the activation of sympathetic nervous system and elevation in serum catecholamine levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether catecholamine level obtained within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury provides a reliable prognostic marker for outcome.  This study was a prospective observational cohort study on 36 moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.

Recurrent glioblastoma in elderly: Options and decision for the treatment.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adult. Its incidence increases with age and nearly half of the all newly diagnosed GBM cases are older than 65 years. Management of GBM in elderly is challenging and recurrence poses further challenge.

Comparative Outcome Analysis of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery in Pediatric Hydrocephalus: An Experience of a Tertiary Care Center.

 Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (VPS) are used for the surgical management of pediatric hydrocephalus. There is controversy regarding the safety and efficacy of these procedures according to age, etiologies, and type of hydrocephalus.  The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complications of ETV and VPS in pediatric hydrocephalus and to evaluate the better procedure.

A simplified overview of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors 2021.

Background: Building on the 2016 updated fourth edition and the work of consortium to inform molecular and practical approach to CNS tumor taxonomy, the major dramatic change occurs in 2021 fifth edition by advancing the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification. The present review summarizes the major general changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification and the specific changes in each taxonomic category.

Methods: The review was designed in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.

Updates in the Management of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Background:  Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and diffusely infiltrative primary brain tumor. Recurrence is almost universal even after all primary standard treatments. This article aims to review the literature and update the standard treatment strategies for patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Thoracolumbar fracture classification: evolution, merits, demerits, updates, and concept of stability.

Thoracolumbar fracture classification system is required to facilitate effective communication between spine surgeons, to guide treatment, and to help predict the prognosis. An ideal classification system should be simple, comprehensive, reliable, and reproducible with predictive outcomes. Unfortunately, most of the existing classifications have certain merits and demerits and they failed to fulfill the above criteria; some are oversimplified while others are too inclusive and complex for routine use.

Endoscopic versus Microscopic Pituitary Adenoma Surgery: An Institutional Experience.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of endoscopic versus microscopic excision of pituitary adenoma, and to evaluate the merits and demerits of each approach.

Materials And Methods: Prospective data were collected and patients were surgically treated for pituitary adenoma at SMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Patients consent was obtained.