Magnitude, impact, and stability of primary headache subtypes: 30 year prospective Swiss cohort study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, impact, and stability of different subtypes of headache in a 30 year prospective follow-up study of a general population sample.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

Chapter 42: neurology and the neurological sciences in the German-speaking countries.

Early neurology in German-speaking countries evolved aside from mainstream medicine. Animists like Stahl in the 18th century saw the soul as the cause of health and disease, and the later Vitalists insisted on life-force as the specific property of living beings, contrary to skeptics like Albrecht von Haller, whose neurophysiology they left behind. Following Willis, they studied brain tracts and speculated about reflex action.

Chapter 8: the development of neurology and the neurological sciences in the 17th century.

Circa 1660 several favorable factors, instrumental to the invention of neurology, converged at the University of Oxford. Animals and men were believed to have a material soul whose functions throughout the nervous system were accessible to research. In 1659 inductive methods were introduced in clinical medicine by Thomas Willis, the founder of English epidemiology and biochemistry.

Nosology and treatment of primary headache in a Swiss headache clinic.

We assessed demographics, diagnoses, course, severity, impact and treatment of primary headache outpatients from records in the Headache and Pain Clinic, Neurological Department, Zürich University Hospital. All outpatients seen from 1996 to 1998 for migraine, tension-type headache, and both, were included. Diagnoses, drug, physical and alternative treatments before and after referral were listed.