Colony-Forming Efficiency Assay to Assess Nanotoxicity of Graphene Nanomaterials.

The nano-market has grown rapidly over the past decades and a wide variety of products are now being manufactured, including those for biomedical applications. Despite the widespread use of nanomaterials in various industries, safety and health effects on humans are still controversial, and testing methods for nanotoxicity have not yet been clearly established. Nanomaterials have been reported to interfere with conventional cytotoxicity tests due to their unique properties, such as light absorption or light scattering.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Oral Toxicity of the Chlorobutanol.

Chlorobutanol (CB) is used as a preservative in cosmetics and has antibacterial activity. This study investigated the single- and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity of a CB solvent in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. For the single-dose oral toxicity study, a dose of 62.

Six-well plate-based colony-forming efficacy assay and Co-Culture application to assess toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles.

The development of a universal, label-free, and reliable in vitro toxicity testing method for nanoparticles is urgent because most nanoparticles can interfere with toxicity assays. In this regard, the colony-forming efficacy (CFE) assay has been suggested as a suitable in vitro toxicity assay for testing nanoparticles without such interference. Recently, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed a 60 × 15 mm Petri dish-based CFE assay for testing nanoparticles in MDCK-1 cells.

Toxicological Assessment of Bromochlorophene: Single and Repeated-Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity, Genotoxicity, and Dermal Application in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Bromochlorophene (BCP) has shown good properties in sterilization and antibacterial activity and is widely used as a household chemical. We evaluated the genotoxicity, single and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity, and dermal application of a BCP suspension in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. For the single-dose toxicity study, a dose of 25-1,000 mg per kg of bodyweight (mg/kg b.

Single- and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity study of MDM hydantoin in Sprague-Dawley rats.

1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (MDM hydantoin) is a commonly used antiseptic preservative in cosmetics. However, limited toxicity information data are available for this chemical. The aim of this study was to obtain toxicity data for MDM hydantoin through single- and repeated-dose toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract on the offspring of adult mice with maternal immune activation.

To understand maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal development, the synthetic double‑stranded RNA polyriboinosinic‑polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] has been widely used in animal models to induce behavioral deficits similar to those in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Panax ginseng C.A.

Antinociceptive effect of Valeriana fauriei regulates BDNF signaling in an animal model of fibromyalgia.

The genus Valeriana has been widely used in popular medicine for centuries, to treat sleep disorders, anxiety, epilepsy and insomnia. Recent studies have focused on the novel pharmacological effects of Valeriana fauriei Briq. (VF) species.

Association between endothelin‑1 and fibromyalgia syndrome.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain, stiffness and pressure hyperalgesia at soft tissue tender points. Patients with FMS may exhibit a tendency towards cold extremities and cold‑induced vasospasm. Endothelin‑1 (EDN1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that is mainly produced by endothelial cells.

Effects of tianeptine on symptoms of fibromyalgia via BDNF signaling in a fibromyalgia animal model.

Previous reports have suggested that physical and psychological stresses may trigger fibromyalgia (FM). Stress is an important risk factor in the development of depression and memory impairments. Antidepressants have been used to prevent stress-induced abnormal pain sensation.

Effect of Valeriana fauriei extract on the offspring of adult rats exposed to prenatal stress.

Exposing a pregnant female to stress is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. In the present study, we examined the effects of an extract of Valeriana fauriei (VF) root (100 mg/kg/day, administered on postnatal days 35-56) on behavioral patterns as well as protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of the offspring of prenatally-stressed rats. Modified behavioral tests, including the forced swim test, the open field test, a social interaction test and the prepulse inhibition test were performed and many of the parameters were found to decrease in the offspring of the rats exposed to PNS compared with the offspring of the non-stressed rats.

15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is upregulated by hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) is the key enzyme responsible for the metabolic inactivation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catabolism. PGE2 is one of the predominant catabolic factors involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the expression and regulation of HPGD in RA fibroblast‑like synoviocyte (FLS) remain to be elucidated.

Influence of Panax ginseng on the offspring of adult rats exposed to prenatal stress.

The exposure of pregnant females to stress during a critical period of fetal brain development is an environmental risk factor for the development of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Schizophrenia is a group of common mental disorders of unclear origin, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, showing a generally young age at onset. In the present study, a repeated variable stress paradigm was applied to pregnant rats during the final week of gestation.