T-cell receptor diversity prevents T-cell lymphoma development.

Mature T-cell lymphomas (MTCLs) have an extremely poor prognosis and are much less frequent than immature T-cell leukemias. This suggests that malignant outgrowth of mature T lymphocytes is well controlled. Indeed, in a previous study we found that mature T cells are resistant to transformation with known T-cell oncogenes.

Palladium-catalyzed alkylation of 1,4-dienes by C-H activation.

Activated: the title reaction proceeds with a broad range of nucleophiles and variously substituted 1,4-dienes under mild conditions, and provides direct access to the corresponding 1,3-diene-containing products with high regio- and stereocontrol (see scheme; 2,6-DMBQ=2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone, EWG=electron-withdrawing group). This is the first catalytic allylic C-H alkylation that proceeds in the absence of sulfoxide ligands.

Genetic lesions of the TRAF3 and MAP3K14 genes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) show constitutive activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Several genetic lesions contribute to this deregulated NF-κB activity. Here, we analysed two further NF-κB regulators for genetic lesions, the inhibitory factor TRAF3 and the key signalling component of the alternative NF-κB pathway, MAP3K14 (NIK).

Dysregulation of global microRNA expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma and influence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

The precise molecular pathogenesis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is still unknown. Clinical and epidemiological data suggest that chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may have an etiological role in a subset of cases.We performed a large-scale microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling analysis of 381 miRNAs by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Q-RT-PCR) of 26 microdissected splenic tissue samples (7 HCV(+) SMZL; 8 HCV(-) SMZL and 11 non-neoplastic splenic controls).

Loss of protein expression and recurrent DNA hypermethylation of the GNG7 gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Although down-regulation of GNG7 in cancer was reported before, its role in carcinogenesis is poorly understood. It belongs to a family of large G-proteins that may be involved in cell-contact-induced growth arrest and function in tumor suppression. In the present study, we stained immunohistochemically 188 tumors derived from larynx or floor of the mouth for GNG7 protein and confronted it with clinicopathologic data.

Revising the historical collection of epithelioid cell-rich lymphomas of the Kiel Lymph Node Registry: what is Lennert's lymphoma nowadays?

Aims: Lennert's lymphoma is a rare variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) not otherwise specified (NOS). The aim of this study was to further characterize this tumour.

Methods And Results: Historical material of 97 lymphomas with a high content of epithelioid cells, collected at the Kiel Lymph Node Registry were reviewed, by applying immunohistochemistry and current diagnostic criteria.

New insights into epithelial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells.

Although many studies using stem cells as therapeutic agents after renal failure have been published in recent years, our knowledge of the factors involved and the cellular mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect on organ regeneration is incomplete. A growing insight into these interactions would help to utilize the biological potential of stem cells for therapeutic approaches. It is here hypothesized that soluble factors released by tubular epithelial cells (TECs) induce epithelial differentiation in adipose-derived adult mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs).

Detection of neuroblastoma cells during clinical follow up: advanced flow cytometry and rt-PCR for tyrosine hydroxylase using both conventional and real-time PCR.

Purpose: Real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) or conventional RT-PCR (RT-cPCR) detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is increasingly used to detect neuroblastoma (NB) cells in clinical samples. However, TH expression in normal tissues can limit its usefulness and make additional diagnostic strategies necessary.

Methods: We analysed TH in 857 tumour, bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood stem cell samples from 65 NB patients using RT-cPCR, and compared results from 666 samples analysed by RT-qPCR.

Peripheral T cell lymphomas with follicular T helper phenotype: a new basket or a distinct entity? Revising Karl Lennert's personal archive.

Aims: To revise 25 cases selected from Karl Lennert's personal archive (21) and Bologna and Frankfurt Registries (four) because of cytological similarities.

Methods And Results: All cases were provided with paraffin blocks and studied by immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques. While phenotyping was very informative, among molecular studies only EBER in situ-hybridization (ISH) was successful.

Theoretical insights into the superior activity of gold catalysts and reactions of organogold intermediates with electrophiles.

Three fundamental steps of homogeneous gold catalysis, the activiation of substrates by coordination to gold, the protodeauration after the nucleophilic addition and the transmetalation to palladium in palladium-catalysed C-C bond forming reactions using organogold intermediates have been studied and discussed in detail.

Impact of donor and recipient IL28B rs12979860 genotypes on hepatitis C virus liver graft reinfection.

Background & Aims: Recent studies have described a major impact of genetic variations near the IL28B gene on the natural course and outcome of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. We therefore, aimed to explore the impact of donor and recipient genotypes of these polymorphisms on hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver graft reinfection.

Methods: Donor and recipient genotypes of IL28B rs12979860C>T single nucleotide polymorphism were determined in 91 patients with HCV liver graft reinfection, 47 of whom were treated with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin.

Dose intensity of chemotherapy in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Purpose: High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) has become the standard treatment for patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The intensity of treatment needed is unclear. This European intergroup study evaluated the impact of sequential high-dose chemotherapy (SHDCT) before myeloablative therapy.

Clinical, pathological and genetic features of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas and mediastinal gray zone lymphomas in children.

Unlabelled: Background Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma is a rare lymphoma accounting for no more than 3% of all B-cell lymphomas in children and adolescents. However, patients in this young age group with this lymphoma have the shortest event-free survival of patients with any B-cell lymphoma under current standard chemotherapy protocols. Lymphomas with features intermediate between primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (mediastinal gray zone lymphomas) have been acknowledged in the latest World Health Organization classification.

Persistence survey of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 producing Staphylococcus aureus and serum antibodies to this superantigen in five groups of menstruating women.

Background: Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS) is thought to be associated with the vaginal colonization with specific strains of Staphylococcus aureus TSST-1 in women who lack sufficient antibody titers to this toxin. There are no published studies that examine the seroconversion in women with various colonization patterns of this organism. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization at three body sites (vagina, nares, and anus) and serum antibody to toxic shock syndrome toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus among a small group of healthy, menstruating women evaluated previously in a larger study.

Mechanisms of aberrant GATA3 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and its consequences for the cytokine profile of Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg cells.

The transcription factor network in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) represents a unique composition of proteins found in no other hematopoietic cell. Among these factors, an aberrant expression of the T-cell transcription factor GATA3 is observed in B cell-derived Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells. Herein, we elucidate the regulation and function of this factor in HL.

Rare occurrence of biallelic CYLD gene mutations in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Survival of the malignant Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is dependent on constitutive activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor. The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB and known to function as a tumor suppressor. To determine whether CYLD mutations play a role in cHL pathogenesis, we sequenced the gene in cHL cell lines and microdissected HRS cells obtained from lymph-node biopsies.

The inducible T-cell co-stimulator molecule is expressed on subsets of T cells and is a new marker of lymphomas of T follicular helper cell-derivation.

Background: T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells reside in the light zone of germinal centers and are considered the cell of origin of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Recently, CXCL13, PD-1 and SAP were described as useful markers for T(FH) cells and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma but also reported in some peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified.

Design And Methods: In the present study the expression pattern of ICOS protein was investigated by immunohistochemistry-based techniques in routine sections of normal lymphoid tissues and 633 human lymphomas.

[Grayzone lymphoma. Clinical relevance].

Malignant lymphomas are classified into different entities according to their morphology, immunohistochemical parameters and clinical behavior. Several important pathogenetic events can be assigned to certain lymphoma entity types. Nevertheless, some cases present overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics and a clear-cut diagnosis cannot be made.

The vaginal bacterial communities of Japanese women resemble those of women in other racial groups.

To determine whether different racial groups shared common types of vaginal microbiota, we characterized the composition and structure of vaginal bacterial communities in asymptomatic and apparently healthy Japanese women in Tokyo, Japan, and compared them with those of White and Black women from North America. The composition of vaginal communities was compared based on community profiles of terminal restriction fragments of 16S rRNA genes and phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences of the numerically dominant bacterial populations. The types of vaginal communities found in Japanese women were similar to those of Black and White women.

Loss of HLA-DR expression and immunoblastic morphology predict adverse outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - analyses of cases from two prospective randomized clinical trials.

Background: Research on prognostically relevant immunohistochemical markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas has mostly been performed on retrospectively collected clinical data. This is also true for immunohistochemical classifiers that are thought to reflect the cell-of-origin subclassification of gene expression studies. In order to obtain deeper insight into the heterogeneous prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and to validate a previously published immunohistochemical classifier, we analyzed data from a large set of cases from prospective clinical trials with long-term follow-up.

High resolution SNP array genomic profiling of peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, identifies a subgroup with chromosomal aberrations affecting the REL locus.

Little is known about genomic aberrations in peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS). We studied 47 PTCL NOS by 250k GeneChip single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and detected genomic imbalances in 22 of the cases. Recurrent gains and losses were identified, including gains of chromosome regions 1q32-43, 2p15-16, 7, 8q24, 11q14-25, 17q11-21 and 21q11-21 (> or = 5 cases each) as well as losses of chromosome regions 1p35-36, 5q33, 6p22, 6q16, 6q21-22, 8p21-23, 9p21, 10p11-12, 10q11-22, 10q25-26, 13q14, 15q24, 16q22, 16q24, 17p11, 17p13 and Xp22 (> or = 4 cases each).

Prenatal diagnosis of craniomaxillofacial malformations: a characterization of phenotypes in trisomies 13, 18, and 21 by ultrasound and pathology.

Objective: To determine the relationship between trisomies 13, 18, and 21 and craniofacial malformations detected by prenatal sonography.

Design: During a 29-year period (1976 through 2004), prenatal sonographic findings of 69 fetuses with trisomy 13; 171 fetuses with trisomy 18; 302 fetuses with trisomy 21; and 17 fetuses with other trisomies were evaluated retrospectively, after fetal karyotype identification. Sonographic findings were compared with autopsy results in 209 patients (trisomy 13, n=39; trisomy 18, n=64; and trisomy 21, n=106).

A comprehensive microarray-based DNA methylation study of 367 hematological neoplasms.

Background: Alterations in the DNA methylation pattern are a hallmark of leukemias and lymphomas. However, most epigenetic studies in hematologic neoplasms (HNs) have focused either on the analysis of few candidate genes or many genes and few HN entities, and comprehensive studies are required.

Methodology/principal Findings: Here, we report for the first time a microarray-based DNA methylation study of 767 genes in 367 HNs diagnosed with 16 of the most representative B-cell (n = 203), T-cell (n = 30), and myeloid (n = 134) neoplasias, as well as 37 samples from different cell types of the hematopoietic system.